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First Report of Alternate Hosts of Willow Rust Disease Caused by Melampsora ferrinii in China

2021; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 106; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-05-21-0958-pdn

1943-7692

Zijia Peng, Chaowei Xiong, Zeyu Luo, Xiangyun Hu, Zhongdong Yu, Tianxiang Chen, Yong Xu, Bin Wang,

Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 1First Report of Alternate Hosts of Willow Rust Disease Caused by Melampsora ferrinii in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Alternate Hosts of Willow Rust Disease Caused by Melampsora ferrinii in ChinaZi-jia Peng, Chao-wei Xiong, Ze-yu Luo, Xiang-yun Hu, Zhong-dong Yu, Tian-xiang Chen, Yong Xu, and Bin WangZi-jia Penghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-3615College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China, Chao-wei XiongCollege of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China, Ze-yu LuoCollege of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China, Xiang-yun HuCollege of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China, Zhong-dong Yu†Corresponding author: Z.-D. Yu; E-mail Address: yuzhongdong001@nwsuaf.edu.cnhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-0294College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China, Tian-xiang ChenInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China, Yong XuCollege of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China, and Bin WangCollege of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Zi-jia Peng1 Chao-wei Xiong1 Ze-yu Luo1 Xiang-yun Hu1 Zhong-dong Yu1 † Tian-xiang Chen2 Yong Xu1 Bin Wang1 1College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 2Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Published Online:9 Jan 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-21-0958-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleCorydalis acuminata Franch., C. edulis Maxim., and C. racemosa (Thunb.) Pers. of family Papaveraceae are rich in multiple alkaloids and are widely used as Chinese medicinal herbs, for treating cough, pruritus, sores tinea, and snake venom (Iranshahy et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2008). In April 2021, orange rust pustules were observed on C. acuminata, C. edulis, and C. racemosa in Shaanxi Province (34°4′56″ N, 108°2′9″ E, alt. 770 m), China. Samples were collected and voucher specimens were preserved in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae (nos. HMAS249947–HMAS249949), China. Consequent geospatial investigations revealed that diseased plants can be observed at an altitude of 400 to 1,000 m, and show an incidence from 40 to 80%, which varies by altitude. Spermogonia epiphyllous, subcuticular, densely grouped, oval or round, 0.14 to 0.36 × 0.09 to 0.30 mm, pale orange-yellow, and type 3 of Hiratsuka and Cummins (1963). Aecia mostly hypophyllous, subepidermal without peridia, Caeoma-type, erumpent, densely grouped, oval or round, 0.27 to 0.85 × 0.15 to 0.43 mm, and orange-yellow; hyaline peridial cells produced in a periphery of the sorus under the ruptured epidermis of host plants. Aeciospores globoid or broadly ellipsoid, catenulate with intercalary cells, 15.7 to 20.1 × 10.8 to 15.7 μm, yellow to pale orange; walls hyaline, verrucose, 1.7 to 3.1 μm thick. This fungus was morphologically identified as Melampsora (Melampsoraceae). The rDNA-28S and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified using primers NL1/NL4 and ITS1/ITS4 (Ji et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020). Bidirectional sequences were assembled and deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MW990091–MW990093 and MW996576–MW996578). Phylogenetic trees were constructed with the ITS+rDNA-28S dataset based on maximum-likelihood (ML), maximum-parsimony (MP), and Bayesian Inference (BI). ML and MP bootstrap values were calculated by bootstrap analyses of 1,000 replicates using MEGA-X (Kumar et al. 2018), while BI posterior probabilities (Bpps) were calculated using MrBayes ver. 3.1.2 (Ji et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020). Phylogenetic analyses grouped our specimens and Melampsora ferrinii Toome & Aime into one clade, highly supported by bootstrap values of ML, MP, and Bpps of 100%/100%/1. Inoculations were conducted with 1-year-old plants of the original host, Salix babylonica (Toome and Aime 2015). Aeciospore suspension with a concentration of 106 spores/ml was sprayed on 20 healthy leaves, with another 20 healthy leaves sprayed with sterile water as the control. The inoculated plants were kept in darkness at 20 to 25°C for 2 days and then transferred into greenhouse at 23°C with 16 h light per day. After 8 to 10 days of inoculation, yellow pustules of uredinia appeared on abaxial surfaces of the inoculated leaves, identical to what Toome and Aime (2015) reported, while the control leaves remained healthy. Inoculations with the same method were conducted by spraying urediniospores, and the same rust symptoms developed after 8 days. Genus Corydalis was verified as the alternate host of M. chelidonii-pierotii Tak. Matsumoto, M. coleosporioides Dietel, M. idesiae Miyabe, and M. yezoensis Miyabe & T. Matsumoto (Okane et al. 2014; Shinyama and Yamaoka 2012; Yamaoka and Okane 2019), and C. incisa (Thunb.) Pers. was speculated as the potential alternate host of M. ferrinii (Toome and Aime 2015). Based on morphology, phylogeny, and pathogenicity, this is the first report of M. ferrinii in mainland China and verify C. acuminata, C. edulis, and C. racemosa instead of C. incisa as its alternate hosts.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Hiratsuka, Y., and Cummins, G. 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Mycol. 60:15. https://doi.org/10.18962/jjom.jjom.H31-03 Google ScholarZhang, M. L., et al. 2008. Page 307 in: Flora of China, Vol. 7 (Papaveraceae subfam. Fumarioideae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis. Google ScholarFunding: This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31670650) and National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0600103-4-2).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 1 January 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptoms of Macrophomina phaseolina in melon (R. Cohen et al.). Photo credit: R. Cohen. Jute plant infected with papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) (sample MG16-004) (C. Biswas et al.). Photo credit: V. Ramesh Babu. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 7 Feb 2022Published: 9 Jan 2022First Look: 7 Jul 2021Accepted: 2 Jul 2021 Page: 324 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 31670650National Key R&D Program of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 2017YFD0600103-4-2Keywordspathogen detectionwillow rust diseasealternate hostMelampsora ferriniiCorydalisSalix babylonicaThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download