Harry Lee Parker
2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 5; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.05.008
ISSN2542-4548
AutoresChristopher J. Boes, James P. Klaas, W. Oliver Tobin, Eoin P. Flanagan, Andrew McKeon, Sherri A. Braksick, David B. Burkholder, Derek Stitt, Jeremy K. Cutsforth‐Gregory,
Tópico(s)Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
ResumoHarry Lee Parker (1894–1959) was an American and Irish neurologist who reported unique paroxysmal symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis,1Klaas J.P. Burkholder D.B. Singer W. Boes C.J. Harry Lee Parker and paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia.Neurology. 2013; 80: 311-314Crossref PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar and wrote a book on clinical neurology popular enough to be reprinted 13 years after initial publication.2Parker H.L. Clinical Studies in Neurology. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL1956Google Scholar Parker penned profiles of other physicians,3Parker H.L. Jacksonian convulsions: an historical note.J Lancet. 1929; 49: 107-111Google Scholar, 4Parker H.L. Charles Horace Mayo: an appreciation.Ir J Med Sci. 1939; 14: 614-617Crossref Google Scholar, 5Parker H.L. Personality and achievement.Ir J Med Sci. 1944; 19: 596-606Crossref Scopus (0) Google Scholar but his biography has only been touched on briefly in obituaries,6Mackay R.P. Harry Lee Parker 1894–1959.Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1959; 84: 219-221Google Scholar,7Doyle J.B. Harry Lee Parker MD: 1894–1959.AMA Arch Neurol. 1959; 1: 700Crossref Scopus (0) Google Scholar articles,1Klaas J.P. Burkholder D.B. Singer W. Boes C.J. Harry Lee Parker and paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia.Neurology. 2013; 80: 311-314Crossref PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar,8Burkholder D.B. Koehler P.J. Boes C.J. Trigeminal neuralgia and multiple sclerosis: a historical perspective.Can J Neurol Sci. 2017; 44: 589-593Crossref PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar,9Boes C.J. Burkholder D.B. Coon E.A. Cutsforth-Gregory J.K. Klaas J.P. Jones Jr., L.K. Reciprocal development and progressive responsibility: the history of the Mayo Clinic Neurology residency.Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2020; 4: 478-498Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar and books.10Mulder D.W. Neurology at Mayo: The Formative Years. Available at Mayo Clinic Libraries.1988Google Scholar, 11Martin E.A. A Historical Biographical and Anecdotal Account of the Neurological Sciences in Ireland from the earliest days to 1975. EA Martin, Dublin, Ireland2012Google Scholar, 12O'Brien E. Browne L. O'Malley K. The House of Industry Hospitals, 1772-1987: The Richmond, Whitworth, and Hardwicke (St Laurence's Hospital): A Closing Memoir. Anniversary Press, Monkstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland1988Google Scholar, 13Woolling K.R. Recollections of a Mayo Clinic Fellowship at Midtwentieth Century. 1948–1952. Indianapolis. IBJ Publishing, 2010Google Scholar Following his advice that "a honeyed obituary is an insult to the dead (p. 596),"5Parker H.L. Personality and achievement.Ir J Med Sci. 1944; 19: 596-606Crossref Scopus (0) Google Scholar we will describe in detail the life of Dr. Harry Lee Parker, using primary sources from the W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine at Mayo Clinic, the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland Archive, the Trinity College Dublin Manuscripts & Archives Research Library, other archives, and interviews of family members. This paper will explore his early years and medical training; define the influence of several major world events of the first half of the 20th century on Parker; explain why he moved from Ireland to America twice; identify his national and international neurologic influence; describe the background of his book Clinical Studies in Neurology; and illustrate his personality. It will also give insight into how Mayo Clinic attracted medical school graduates and faculty members from outside America and highlight the close professional and personal relationships that William J. and Charles H. Mayo (who, along with their father, founded Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN) engendered with their faculty members. As Parker recommended when doing biography, we will focus on "his thought, his deed, the star he followed, the issues he achieved (p. 12),"14Parker HL. The glory of the Dublin School of Medicine. Undated. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar so as to "give you your man, a living presence with a voice, a heart that beats and a hand that labours (p. 12)."14Parker HL. The glory of the Dublin School of Medicine. Undated. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar Harry Lee Parker (Figure 1) was born in Limerick, Ireland, on February 20, 1894, to Eleanor Margaret Parker, née Lee, and John Henry Parker. In the 1901 Irish census, John listed his occupation as registered druggist, and Harry and his older brother Ivan George were noted to be scholars.15The National Archives of IrelandCensus of Ireland 1901/1911 website.http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/Date accessed: January 3, 2021Google Scholar The Parkers were members of the Church of Ireland.15The National Archives of IrelandCensus of Ireland 1901/1911 website.http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/Date accessed: January 3, 2021Google Scholar Harry described his religious upbringing:"When I was very young my mother made me read the Holy Bible as something incontrovertible. Speedily, I found inconsistencies and verses that could be played one against the other. Again and again I importuned her for explanation. Finally in her quandary and anger she told me 'The Devil can cite Scripture for his purpose.' After this was flung at me I felt in a sense an Avocatus Diabolicus [devil's advocate] and asked no more questions letting the thing settle itself (p. 1)."16Parker HL. An argument. Undated. MHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar When Harry was approximately 7 years old, his father was ruined by the misconduct of a business partner, and the family sought refuge in South Africa.17Myles T. Letter to William J. Mayo, September 18, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar He was educated at the Marist Brothers' School in Johannesburg.18Author unknown. Dr. Harry Lee Parker obituary. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar Harry was a member of a scouting organization, a forerunner of Robert Baden-Powell's Boy Scouts,6Mackay R.P. Harry Lee Parker 1894–1959.Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1959; 84: 219-221Google Scholar and worked as a telegrapher at a post office.19Author unknown. Dr. H.L. Parker, 65, Mayo Clinic neurologist, dies. Rochester Post-Bulletin. March 2. 1959: 10Google Scholar,20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar He enjoyed swimming, pugilism, fishing, and hunting, and was an excellent long-range rifle shooter.13Woolling K.R. Recollections of a Mayo Clinic Fellowship at Midtwentieth Century. 1948–1952. Indianapolis. IBJ Publishing, 2010Google Scholar,20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar As a teen, in approximately 1911, Harry took his savings and headed alone to Dublin, Ireland.20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar His father died of tuberculosis in South Africa on July 30, 1914,21Parker J.H. Family tree. Ancestry.com.https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/113798460/person/280123420977//factsDate accessed: January 3, 2021Google Scholar while his mother became a nurse.20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar Once in Dublin, Parker worked to get into Trinity College Dublin (TCD), the sole college of the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. He spent 2 years at Mountjoy School22Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar and was also privately tutored.20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar Harry was admitted to TCD in January 1913 after passing the entrance exam.23Trinity College Dublin Main Admissions Register. TCD/MUN/V/23/8 folio 21v and 22r. Trinity College Dublin Manuscripts & Archives Research Library. Dublin, Ireland.Google Scholar He was a pensioner, which meant he paid a fixed annual fee, and his tutor was Mr Fraser (likely John Fraser, MA, Fellow of TCD).22Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar, 23Trinity College Dublin Main Admissions Register. TCD/MUN/V/23/8 folio 21v and 22r. Trinity College Dublin Manuscripts & Archives Research Library. Dublin, Ireland.Google Scholar, 24Author unknownThe Dublin University Calendar for the Year 1914–1915. Volume II. University Press, Dublin, Ireland1915Google Scholar Harry entered the School of Medicine in April 1913 at the age of 19 years (Figure 2).25Trinity College Dublin Admissions Register to the School of Medicine. TCD MUN/MED/4A/1, p. 203. Trinity College Dublin Manuscripts & Archives Research Library. Dublin, Ireland.Google Scholar Trinity College Dublin was founded by Queen Elizabeth in 1592 and was considered a Unionist institution. This was clearly evident during the 1916 Easter Rising, when Irish republicans rebelled against their British rulers, as members of the TCD Officers' Training Corps defended the institution against their own Irish countrymen.26Coakley D. Medicine in Trinity College Dublin: An Illustrated History. Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland2014Google Scholar Harry was a cadet in the TCD Officers' Training Corps, which had been formed to standardize military training for medical students interested in becoming officers in the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC; the medical wing of the British Army).27McCracken T. The Royal Army Medical Corps in the Great War: Rare Photographs from the Wartime Archives. Barnsley. Pen & Sword Military, South Yorkshire2017Google Scholar Parker defended Trinity from a college building across the street from the General Post Office, very near Horatio Nelson's Pillar (which had a statue of the one-armed British war hero at the top).20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar Perhaps reflecting Parker's mixed loyalties, family lore is that he shot off Nelson's other arm, although photographs after the dust settled showed the arm still to be attached.20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar Parker received a replica silver cup (of two larger silver cups presented to the TCD Officers' Training Corps from the citizens of Dublin)28Irish Times Sinn Fein Rebellion Handbook, Easter, 1916: A Complete and Connected Narrative of the Rising, with Detailed Accounts of the Fighting at all Points. Irish Times, Dublin1917Google Scholar for his actions during the Easter Rising (Figure 3). Harry's name was not listed as a silver cup recipient in two incomplete sources,28Irish Times Sinn Fein Rebellion Handbook, Easter, 1916: A Complete and Connected Narrative of the Rising, with Detailed Accounts of the Fighting at all Points. Irish Times, Dublin1917Google Scholar,29Author unknownSinn Fein Rebellion, 1916. A Souvenir of Presentations to the Officers' Training Corps, Trinity College Dublin. Waller & Co., Dublin, Ireland1916Google Scholar but the name HH Parker appeared as a penciled annotation on a "List of Members of the Dublin University Officers Training Corps To Whom Replicas Are To Be Given."30Author unknown. List of Members of the Dublin University Officers Training Corps To Whom Replicas Are To Be Given. TCD MS 2783, folios 28 and 87. Trinity College Dublin Manuscripts & Archives Research Library. Dublin, Ireland.Google Scholar Most likely this should have been HL Parker, as the name HH Parker does not appear on TCD admissions registers from 1905 to 1919 (Aisling Lockhart, written personal communication, December 10, 2020). Parker received a Bachelor of Arts degree from TCD in 1916. He acted as a demonstrator of anatomy from October 1916 to March 1917, and also served as a demonstrator of botany for TCD Professor Henry H. Dixon, later becoming Dixon's assistant.22Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar Harry made enough money that his family did not need to give him financial support during his TCD days.17Myles T. Letter to William J. Mayo, September 18, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar In 1918, Parker earned the triple degrees of Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, and Bachelor in Arts of Obstetrics (MB, BCh, BAO).18Author unknown. Dr. Harry Lee Parker obituary. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar Harry won several awards during his schooling (Table 1), and his fees were forgiven when he received his BCh degree because of his examination success.22Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar In 1918, he also obtained a Licentiate in Medicine (LM) from the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin, where he did his obstetrics training.18Author unknown. Dr. Harry Lee Parker obituary. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google ScholarTable 1Awards Received by Harry Lee Parker From Trinity College Dublin22Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar,31Author unknownThe Dublin University Calendar for the Year 1921–22. University Press, Dublin, Ireland1921Google ScholarDateAward1914Medical Scholarship in Physics, Chemistry, Botany, and ZoologyAwarded annually to the student with the highest marks in these subjects1915John Mallet Purser MedalAwarded annually to the student with the highest marks in physiology and histology1915Daniel John Cunningham Medal in AnatomyAwarded annually to the student with the highest marks in anatomy1916Professor's Prize in AnatomyAwarded annually to the student with meritorious anatomy examination performance1918Thomas FitzPatrick ScholarshipAwarded annually to the student who obtained the highest aggregate marks on the intermediate and final medical examinations Open table in a new tab There was great pressure from the medical establishment to join the war effort during Parker's training. Frederick Conway Dwyer, President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, stated in March 1915 that "Graduates should enter as speedily as possible the Royal Army Medical Corps to place their professional skill and knowledge at the disposal of their King and country (p. 52)."32Durnin D. The Irish Medical Profession and the First World War. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland2019Crossref Google Scholar There was also significant social pressure to enlist. Women in the Order of the White Feather gave white feathers to young men who looked healthy enough to enlist but were not in uniform.33White feather diaries website.http://whitefeatherdiaries.org.uk/about-siteDate accessed: January 3, 2021Google Scholar Harry studied continuously and limited going out in public to avoid being given a white feather.20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar Additionally, there were economic motivations to enlist, as a doctor in the RAMC received £400/year plus a uniform allowance.32Durnin D. The Irish Medical Profession and the First World War. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland2019Crossref Google Scholar Many felt morally compelled to enlist so as to ease suffering humanity, which was a professional responsibility.32Durnin D. The Irish Medical Profession and the First World War. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland2019Crossref Google Scholar Parker joined the RAMC in May 1918 (Figure 4) as a lieutenant, promising to serve 1 year.22Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar He was not alone in doing so, as TCD contributed more doctors to the war effort than the other major Irish medical schools.32Durnin D. The Irish Medical Profession and the First World War. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland2019Crossref Google Scholar Harry was attached to the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in France17Myles T. Letter to William J. Mayo, September 18, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar and saw 6 months of fighting before Armistice was declared November 11, 1918. Parker described his war experience:"[Dr. Aloysius John Maguire and I] were both medical officers in His Britannic Majesty's Army at the time the enemy attacked in the spring of 1918. My friend had many wounded to care for, while luckily for me, all of mine had been evacuated. I ran so fast that I escaped capture, but my colleague was made a prisoner of war (p. 287)."2Parker H.L. Clinical Studies in Neurology. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL1956Google Scholar He operated anywhere, anytime, with a bottle of chloroform on one hip and a bottle of ether on the other.20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar During one surgery in front of a fire, he dropped one of the bottles, fortunately chloroform, as ether is flammable.20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar Harry became ill with influenza in 1919, and woke up in a London hospital with two medals (Victory and British) and his discharge papers next to him.20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020Google Scholar,34British Army medal index cards 1914–1920. The National Archives' catalogue. WO 372/15 - Nolan P - Pickering SM/114650. Parker, Harry Lee. The National Archives. Kew, Richmond.Google Scholar His dates of military service were May 1918 to May 1919.22Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar By June 1919, Parker was back in Ireland, working as a temporary medical officer at the dispensary in Clifden, County Galway.22Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar Harry cared for the sick in the dispensary, which was part of the Irish poor law system (Clifden Poor Law Union), until early August 1919.22Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar He wanted to continue his medical training, but his options were limited in Ireland. Irish universities routinely produced more medical graduates than could be employed in Ireland, and most went to Britain or its Empire.35O'Connor S. Imperial continuities: Irish doctors and the British armed forces, 1922–45.in: Durnin D. Miller I. Medicine, Health and Irish Experiences of Conflict 1914–45. Manchester University Press, Manchester, England2017: 191-205Google Scholar This state of overcrowding reached new heights following demobilization.32Durnin D. The Irish Medical Profession and the First World War. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland2019Crossref Google Scholar In addition, World War I intensified nationalist feelings in Ireland, and some returning soldiers were abused and threatened due to their association with the British Army.36Durnin D. Ireland's British Army doctors and the treatment of Irish nationalists, 1916–23.in: Durnin D. Miller I. Medicine, Health and Irish Experiences of Conflict 1914-45. Manchester University Press, Manchester, England2017: 94-108Google Scholar Finally, the Irish War of Independence from January 1919 to July 1921 made Ireland a violent place.36Durnin D. Ireland's British Army doctors and the treatment of Irish nationalists, 1916–23.in: Durnin D. Miller I. Medicine, Health and Irish Experiences of Conflict 1914-45. Manchester University Press, Manchester, England2017: 94-108Google Scholar Although speculative, these factors may have swayed Parker's decision to leave Ireland. Parker's cousin, Sir Thomas Myles, was influential in steering him to America. Myles was an accomplished Irish surgeon who had a complicated relationship with Britain. He was knighted in 1902, and in 1910 was appointed honorary surgeon in Ireland to King George V.37Balfour D.C. Sir Thomas Myles 1857–1937.Ann Surg. 1939; 110: 790-791PubMed Google Scholar Conversely, in 1914 he used his yacht to transport guns and ammunition from Wales to Irish nationalists.36Durnin D. Ireland's British Army doctors and the treatment of Irish nationalists, 1916–23.in: Durnin D. Miller I. Medicine, Health and Irish Experiences of Conflict 1914-45. Manchester University Press, Manchester, England2017: 94-108Google Scholar From 1914 to 1918 he served as a temporary lieutenant colonel in the RAMC, and consulting surgeon to the RAMC in Ireland.36Durnin D. Ireland's British Army doctors and the treatment of Irish nationalists, 1916–23.in: Durnin D. Miller I. Medicine, Health and Irish Experiences of Conflict 1914-45. Manchester University Press, Manchester, England2017: 94-108Google Scholar As part of an Allied surgeons' tour, Myles and several other important European surgeons visited Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, on October 30, 1918.38St Marys Hospital physician register. SMA-0100. Saint Marys Hospital Administration Records. SG02. Vol 4. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar,39Author uknownAllied surgeons tour America.J Am Med Assoc. 1918; 71: 1593Google Scholar Myles met with William J. "Will" Mayo, and discussed Parker's talent.40Parker HL. Letter to William J. Mayo, October 1, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar Mayo gave instructions for Harry to come to Rochester once he was released from the Army.40Parker HL. Letter to William J. Mayo, October 1, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar Parker departed on the SS Columbia from Londonderry (also known as Derry) on September 22, 1919.41Ancestry.comNew York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc..https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7488/?name=Harry+Lee_Parker&birth=1894_limerick-ireland_5310&death=1959_rochester-olmsted-minnesota-usa_46969&viewMode=category&qh=f08fab98fe1a367afa98aa6e3d9c5eb1Date: 2010Date accessed: January 3, 2021Google Scholar He arrived in Rochester on October 1, 1919, and wrote to Will Mayo:"My cousin Sir Thomas Myles, surgeon, on his return from this country told me that he had spoken to you about me. He advised me to come here as soon as I was released from the army and could get a boat. I have done so. I arrived in this town this morning. I have a letter of introduction from Sir Thomas Myles … Could you spare a little of your valuable time and grant me an interview at whatever time and place as may suit you best (pp. 1-2)."40Parker HL. Letter to William J. Mayo, October 1, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar In the introductory letter, Myles summarized Parker:"Though he is rather a shy sort of youngster he is full of brains and has had a most brilliant university career in Trinity College, having got 1st place in every subject and got every prize that was open to competition in the Medical School. He gave me the impression of being essentially a School man rather than the markings of a practitioner, as he had a gift for teaching and possesses considerable powers of exposition (p. 1)."17Myles T. Letter to William J. Mayo, September 18, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar Parker met with Louis B. Wilson (physician head of the Mayo Clinic residency training programs) and Will Mayo in late October 1919. Wilson recorded that "Dr. Mayo requests that P. be taken on fellowship—service to begin Nov. 1 and given whatever work is available (p. 1)."42Wilson LB. Notation on interview of Dr. H.L. Parker, October 30, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.Google Scholar Family lore is that at the end of this meeting Harry had to ask the stern Will Mayo for a cash advance, as he was out of money.20Parker family. Biography of Harry Lee ParkerMHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Med
Referência(s)