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Habitat use and population genetics of golden jackals in Iran: Insights from a generalist species in a highly heterogeneous landscape

2021; Wiley; Volume: 59; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/jzs.12519

1439-0469

Gholam Hosein Yusefi, Raquel Godinho, Leili Khalatbari, Siamak Broomand, Hadi Fahimi, Fernando Martínez‐Freiría, Francisco Álvares,

Genetic diversity and population structure

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary ResearchVolume 59, Issue 7 p. 1503-1515 SPECIAL ISSUE Habitat use and population genetics of golden jackals in Iran: Insights from a generalist species in a highly heterogeneous landscape Gholam Hosein Yusefi, Corresponding Author gh.yusefi@cibio.up.pt orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-8561 CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, Portugal Mohitban Society, Tehran, Iran Correspondence Gholam Hosein Yusefi, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal. Email: gh.yusefi@cibio.up.ptSearch for more papers by this authorRaquel Godinho, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, Portugal Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorLeili Khalatbari, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, Portugal Mohitban Society, Tehran, Iran Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorSiamak Broomand, Mohitban Society, Tehran, IranSearch for more papers by this authorHadi Fahimi, Mohitban Society, Tehran, Iran Deceased.Search for more papers by this authorFernando Martínez-Freiría, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorFrancisco Alvares, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, PortugalSearch for more papers by this author Gholam Hosein Yusefi, Corresponding Author gh.yusefi@cibio.up.pt orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-8561 CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, Portugal Mohitban Society, Tehran, Iran Correspondence Gholam Hosein Yusefi, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal. Email: gh.yusefi@cibio.up.ptSearch for more papers by this authorRaquel Godinho, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, Portugal Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorLeili Khalatbari, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, Portugal Mohitban Society, Tehran, Iran Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorSiamak Broomand, Mohitban Society, Tehran, IranSearch for more papers by this authorHadi Fahimi, Mohitban Society, Tehran, Iran Deceased.Search for more papers by this authorFernando Martínez-Freiría, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorFrancisco Alvares, CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of PortoVairão, Vairão, PortugalSearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 August 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12519 Contributing authors: Raquel Godinho (rgodinho@cibio.up.pt), Leili Khalatbari (leili.kh@cibio.up.pt), Siamak Broomand (broomand.siamak85@gmail.com), Hadi Fahimi (asiaticblackbear2008@gmail.com), Fernando Martínez-Freiría (fmartinez-freiria@cibio.up.pt), Francisco Alvares (falvares@cibio.up.pt) Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Generalist species are often characterized by low habitat specialization and reduced genetic structure in their populations. Here, we tested this common assumption on golden jackals in Iran, a wide country with a highly heterogeneous landscape where this carnivore is assumed to be widespread, although little is known about the ecology and population genetics of this species. We investigate distribution patterns, habitat requirements, and niche breadth of golden jackals by using GIS techniques and ecological modeling over a total of 452 presence records. We then assessed genetic diversity and population structure by analyzing 24 samples for 43 microsatellites. The observed distribution patterns show an extensive range across a wide climatic, ecological and altitudinal gradient, covering eight climate regions and 16 terrestrial ecoregions. Ecological modeling confirms high habitat plasticity of the golden jackal, with selection of mountainous areas with high slopes, moderate temperatures, and areas with low human population and activity while avoiding hyper-arid regions. Estimated values of niche breadth were high, indicating that is a generalist species in the study area. The observed genetic diversity was high, representing the highest value reported so far in this species. We found no signature of population structure, suggesting a single genetic cluster, as well as no evidence of hybridization with domestic dogs. Our results provide valuable ecological and genetic information on a widespread but poorly known carnivore, often disregarded in conservation strategies but under pressure from anthropogenic threats. Supporting Information Filename Description jzs12519-sup-0001-Supinfo.pdfPDF document, 861.6 KB Figure S1. Location of compiled presence records (dots) of golden jackal in Iran according to: (a) the eight climate regions of Iran (adapted from Yusefi, Faizolahi, et al., 2019); (b) the 19 terrestrial ecoregions of Iran (adapted from Dinerstein et al. 2017). Figure S2. Response curves for the ecogeographical variables with a higher importance in determining golden jackal occurrence in Iran (see Table 1 for details). Figure S3. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve of the optimal Maxent model. Figure S4. Spatial prediction for the presence of golden jackal in Iran based on ecological modeling. Figure S5. Individual assignment probabilities inferred by the Bayesian analysis imposing two to eight genetic clusters (K = 2 to K = 8) for the 24 golden jackal samples genotyped for 43 microsatellites. Table S1. The list of 19 terrestrial ecoregions (adapted from Dinerstein et al. 2017) and eight climate regions (adapted from Yusefi, Faizolahi, et al., 2019) of Iran. Table S2. Ranking assessment of Maxent model settings, including features (L, linear; Q, quadratic; H, hinge; P, product; and T, threshold) and regularization multiplier (rm), according to AUC and AIC values. Table S3. Detailed information for each sample of golden jackals from Iran analyzed in this study. Table S4. List of the 43 microsatellites analyzed for golden jackals in Iran with the original reference, sample size (N), number of alleles observed (Na), and observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity. Table S5. Estimate of effective population size (Ne) using the LD method for the golden jackal population in Iran. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume59, Issue7Special Issue: Zoological diversity and faunal Evolution of IranOctober 2021Pages 1503-1515 RelatedInformation