First Report of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Causing Root Soft Rot of Sanqi ( Panax notoginseng ) in China
2021; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 106; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-07-21-1353-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresKuanyu Zheng, Xiaoxia Su, Zheng Xue, Lizhen Zhang, Yongdui Chen, Kuo Wu, Tao Li, Zhongkai Zhang, Zhiwei Zhao,
Tópico(s)Irrigation Practices and Water Management
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 2First Report of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Causing Root Soft Rot of Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Causing Root Soft Rot of Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) in ChinaKuanyu Zheng, Xiaoxia Su, Zheng Xue, Lizhen Zhang, Yongdui Chen, Kuo Wu, Tao Li, Zhongkai Zhang, and Zhiwei ZhaoKuanyu Zhenghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-4651State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan, ChinaBiotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan, China, Xiaoxia SuBiotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan, China, Zheng XueBiotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan, China, Lizhen ZhangBiotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan, China, Yongdui ChenBiotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan, China, Kuo WuBiotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan, China, Tao LiState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan, China, Zhongkai Zhang†Corresponding authors: Z. Zhang; E-mail Address: zhongkai99@sina.com, and Z. Zhao; E-mail Address: zhaozhw@ynu.edu.cnBiotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan, China, and Zhiwei Zhao†Corresponding authors: Z. Zhang; E-mail Address: zhongkai99@sina.com, and Z. Zhao; E-mail Address: zhaozhw@ynu.edu.cnState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan, China AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Kuanyu Zheng1 2 Xiaoxia Su2 Zheng Xue2 Lizhen Zhang2 Yongdui Chen2 Kuo Wu2 Tao Li1 Zhongkai Zhang2 † Zhiwei Zhao1 † 1State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan, China 2Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan, China Published Online:31 Jan 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-21-1353-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleSanqi (Panax notoginseng [Burk.] F. H. Chen) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with a long planting cycle of 2 to 3 years that makes it vulnerable to root diseases caused by several pathogens, including Fusarium solani, Alternaria panax, Phytophthora cactorum, and Pseudomonas sp. In April 2019, root soft rot samples of sanqi were collected from a plantation site in Songming, southwest of China. Typical symptoms included root softening and necrosis, yellow leaf, and stem wilting. Ten diseased roots samples were collected and sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min followed by 75% ethanol for 2 min and then rinsed thrice with sterile water. Sterilized roots were cut into small pieces of 5 × 5 mm and cultured on nutrient agar medium for 48 h at 28°C. From the root cultures, a total of 13 bacterial strains were obtained. Three strains (SM2-5, SM2-13, and SM2-14) were selected for further study. These three strains were gram-negative, short rod-shaped (1 to 2 × 0.5 to 1 μm), non-spore-forming, and had polar tufted flagella, as observed under a transmission electron microscope. Also, the strains were positive for oxidase, beta-galactosidase, arginine dihydrolase, and lysine decarboxylase and were negative for amylase and urease tested by biochemical methods (Wang 2017). To further determine the pathogenic species, genomic DNA of these three strains was extracted using a Genomic DNA Kit (Tsing Ke, Beijing, China) to PCR amplify 16S rDNA using universal primers 27F/1492R (Wang 2017). Also, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 23S rDNA specific primers SM1/SM4 (Whitby et al. 2000) were used for PCR amplification to confirm the species. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that SM 2-5 (GenBank accession no. MW555227), SM 2-13 (GenBank MW555228), and SM 2-14 (GenBank MW555229) shared the highest identity (>99.9%) with the S. maltophilia strains (GenBank MT323142, MH669295, and MN826555). Furthermore, 23S rDNA sequence analysis of SM 2-5 (GenBank MZ707732), SM 2-13 (GenBank MZ645941), and SM 2-14 (GenBank MZ707733) revealed high identity (>99.8%) with the S. maltophilia species. 16S and 23S rDNA phylogenetic analysis (Mega 6.06) using the neighbor-joining method with 1,000 bootstrap replicates revealed the three strains clustering with the other S. maltophilia strains. Therefore, based on morphology, metabolic profile, and sequence analysis, the three strains were identified as S. maltophilia. To test pathogenicity, the strains were grown in nutrient broth medium for 48 h at 28°C until bacterial suspension reached OD600 ≈ 1.0 (2.0 × 109 CFU/ml). Then, healthy roots of 1-year-old sanqi plants, prewashed with sterilized water and poked with a sterilized needle, were soaked in bacterial suspension (2.0 × 109 CFU/ml) of the three strains separately for inoculation (10 min). Sterilized water treatment was used as a control. Subsequently, bacteria-inoculated plants were planted in sterile soil pots and cultured in a greenhouse at 28°C with a shading rate of 70%. Each treatment group included three plants with three replicates. Ten days postinoculation, symptoms similar to the ones in natural conditions were observed in the bacteria-inoculated plants. Based on the disease index (Li et al. 2020), we found that among the three strains, SM 2-13 displayed the highest virulence, whereas no symptoms were observed in the control plants. The same bacterial strains were reisolated from these inoculated roots and identified by the methods described above. Previous studies showed that some Stenotrophomonas species cause plant diseases such as rice white stripe (Singh et al. 2001), strawberry leaf black spot (Wang 2017), Cyclobalanopsis patelliformis leaf spot (Bian et al. 2020), and Jatropha curcas L. seed borne and stem necrosis (Wang et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming S. maltophilia causing root soft rot of P. notoginseng in China.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Bian, D. R., et al. 2020. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113:1447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-020-01453-y Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLi, Y. B., et al. 2020. Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 50:450. Google ScholarSingh, N. I., et al. 2001. Indian Phytopathol. 32:32. Google ScholarWang, J. 2017. Study on the isolation, identification and genetic mechanism of drug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in strawberry leaves. Dissertation, Tianjin Agricultural College. Google ScholarWang, W. W., et al. 2018. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the Chinese Society of Plant Pathology. Google ScholarWhitby, P. W., et al. 2000. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:4305. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.12.4305-4309.2000 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201604), the Fang Rongxiang Academician Workstation of Yunnan Province (2018IC077), and the Open Research Program of State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan (2021KF010).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 2 February 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionWater-soaked lesions on bougainvillea caused by Robbsia andropogonis (O. Morales-Galván et al.). Photo credit: L. F. Flores-López. Soybean leaf showing crinkling and downward curling, characteristic of infection by soybean mosaic virus (SMV) (S. van Bentum et al.). Photo credit: S. van Bentum. Metrics Downloaded 799 times Article History Issue Date: 28 Feb 2022Published: 31 Jan 2022First Look: 19 Aug 2021Accepted: 17 Aug 2021 Page: 755 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 2017YFD0201604Fang Rongxiang Academician Workstation of Yunnan ProvinceGrant/Award Number: 2018IC077Open Research Program of State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanGrant/Award Number: 2021KF010KeywordsPanax notoginsengStenotrophomonas maltophiliapathogenssoft rotThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download
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