Breaking Protocol: America's First Female Ambassadors, 1933–1964
2021; Oxford University Press; Volume: 108; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1093/jahist/jaab194
ISSN1945-2314
Autores Tópico(s)International Relations and Foreign Policy
ResumoIn Breaking Protocol Philip Nash recounts the pathways to power and the major accomplishments of the first six female ambassadors who served the interests of their presidents and the United States abroad in the middle of the twentieth century. Ruth Bryan Owen (Denmark, 1933–1936), Florence Jaffray Harriman (Norway, 1937–1941), Perle S. Mesta (Luxembourg, 1949–1953), Eugenie M. Anderson (Denmark, 1949–1953; Bulgaria, 1962–1964), Clare Boothe Luce (Italy, 1953–1956), and Frances E. Willis (Switzerland, 1953–1957; Norway, 1957–1961; Ceylon, 1961–1964) were the “Big Six” pioneers who broke barriers to enter the highest ranks of the male-dominated world of the elite diplomatic corps (p. 1). These women all experienced resistance to their ambassadorial appointments as recipients of the “pervasive misogyny and sex discrimination of the modern era” (p. 23). This resistance emanated from their male colleagues in the U.S. State Department and their host countries, as well as from the casual sexist commentary expressed in...
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