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Short-Term Immune Response After Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac®, Sinovac) And ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria®, Oxford-AstraZeneca) Vaccinations in Thai Health Care Workers

2021; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1101/2021.08.27.21262721

Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Napaporn Chantasrisawad, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Nattiya Hirankarn, Vichaya Ruenjaiman, Leilani Paitoonpong, Gompol Suwanpimolkul, Pattama Torvorapanit, Rakchanok Pradit, Jiratchaya Sophonphan, Opass Putcharoen,

Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy

Abstract Background Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac®,Sinovac, or SV) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria®,Oxford-Astra Zeneca, or AZ) vaccines have been administered to the health care workers (HCWs) in Thailand. Objective To determine the short-term immune response after the SV and AZ vaccinations in HCWs. Methods In this prospective cohort study, HCWs who completed a 2-dose regimen of the SV or AZ were included. Immune response was evaluated by surrogate viral neutralization test (sVNT) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody. Blood samples were analyzed at 4 and 12 weeks after the complete SV vaccination and at 4 weeks after each dose of the AZ vaccination. The primary outcome was the seroconversion rate at 4-weeks after complete immunization. Results Overall, 185 HCWs with a median (IQR) age of 40.5(30.3-55.8) years (94 HCWs in the SV group and 91 in the AZ group) were included. At 4 weeks after completing the SV vaccination, 60.6% (95%CI:50.0-70.6%) had seroconversion evaluated by sVNT(≥68%inhibition), comparable to the patients recovered from mild COVID-19 infection(69.0%), with a rapid reduction to 12.2%(95%CI:6.3-20.8) at 12 weeks. In contrast, 85.7%(95%CI:76.8-92.2%) HCWs who completed the second dose of the AZ for 4 weeks had seroconversion, comparable to the COVID-19 pneumonia patients(92.5%). When using the anti-SAR-CoV-2 total antibody level(≥132 U/ml) criteria, only 71.3% HCWs in the SV group had seroconversion, compared to 100% in the AZ group. Conclusion A rapid decline of short-term immune response in the HCWs after the SV vaccination indicates the need for a vaccine booster, particularly during the ongoing spreading of the SAR-CoV-2 variants of concern.