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Sending a spacecraft to interstellar comet 2I/Borisov

2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 189; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.09.006

1879-2030

Adam Hibberd, Nikolaos Perakis, Andreas M. Hein,

Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies

On 2019 August 30, a second interstellar object 2I/Borisov was discovered 2 years after the discovery of the first known interstellar object, 1I/’Oumuamua. Can we send a spacecraft to this object, using existing and near-term technologies? In this paper we assess the technical feasibility of a near-term mission to 2I/Borisov. We apply the Optimum Interplanetary Trajectory Software (OITS) tool to generate trajectories to 2I/Borisov. As results, we get the minimal ΔV trajectory with a launch date in 2018 July. For this trajectory, a Falcon Heavy launcher could have hauled an 8 ton spacecraft to 2I/Borisov. For a later launch date, results for a combined powered Jupiter flyby with a Solar Oberth maneuver are presented. For a launch in 2027, we could reach 2I/Borisov in 2052, using the Space Launch System (SLS), up-scaled Parker probe heat shield technology, and solid propulsion engines. Using a SLS a spacecraft with a mass of 765 kg could be sent to 2I/Borisov. A Falcon Heavy could deliver 202 kg to 2I/Borisov. Arrival times sooner than 2052 can potentially be achieved but with higher ΔV requirements and lower spacecraft payload masses. 2I/Borisov’s discovery shortly after the discovery of 1I/’Oumuamua implies that the next interstellar object might be discovered in the near future. The feasibility of a mission to both, 1I/’Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov using scaled versions of existing technologies indicates that missions to at least some future interstellar objects are feasible as well.