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Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats

2021; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 11; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41598-021-98248-6

2045-2322

Larissa de Brito Medeiros, Susana P. Alves, R.J.B. Bessa, Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares, Camila Neves Meireles Costa, Jailane de Souza Aquino, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra, Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo, Lydiane Tavares Toscano, Alexandre Sérgio Silva, Adriano Francisco Alves, Mateus Lacerda Pereira Lemos, Wydemberg J. Araújo, Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros, Celso José Bruno de Oliveira, Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga,

Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans -fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans -fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.