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Local canopy disturbance as an explanation for long‐term increases in liana abundance

2021; Wiley; Volume: 24; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/ele.13881

1461-0248

Stefan A. Schnitzer, David M. DeFilippis, Marco D. Visser, Sergio Estrada‐Villegas, Rigoberto Rivera‐Camaña, Boris Bernal, Salomé Peréz, Abelino Valdéz, Seberino Valdéz, Antonio Gutiérrez Aguilar, James W. Dalling, Eben N. Broadbent, Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Stephen P. Hubbell, Maria Garcia‐Leon,

Plant Diversity and Evolution

Abstract Canopy disturbance explains liana abundance and distribution within tropical forests and thus may also explain the widespread pattern of increasing liana abundance; however, this hypothesis remains untested. We used a 10‐year study (2007–2017) of 117,100 rooted lianas in an old‐growth Panamanian forest to test whether local canopy disturbance explains increasing liana abundance. We found that liana density increased 29.2% and basal area 12.5%. The vast majority of these increases were associated with clonal stem proliferation following canopy disturbance, particularly in liana‐dense, low‐canopy gaps, which had far greater liana increases than did undisturbed forest. Lianas may be ecological niche constructors, arresting tree regeneration in gaps and thus creating a high‐light environment that favours sustained liana proliferation. Our findings demonstrate that liana abundance is increasing rapidly and their ability to proliferate via copious clonal stem production in canopy gaps explains much of their increase in this and possibly other tropical forests.