First Report of Apiospora Mold on Sugarcane in China Caused by Apiospora arundinis ( Arthrinium arundinis )
2021; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 106; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-02-21-0386-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresJie Liao, Wenyan Jiang, Xiaojian Wu, Jie He, Huiling Li, Tianshun Wang, Liang Cheng, Wei Chen, Leixing Mo,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 3First Report of Apiospora Mold on Sugarcane in China Caused by Apiospora arundinis (Arthrinium arundinis) PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Apiospora Mold on Sugarcane in China Caused by Apiospora arundinis (Arthrinium arundinis)Jie Liao, Wenyan Jiang, Xiaojian Wu, Jie He, Huiling Li, Tianshun Wang, Liang Cheng, Wei Chen, and Leixing MoJie Liaohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5978-2252Agro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China, Wenyan JiangAgro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China, Xiaojian WuMicrobiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China, Jie Hehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-1644Agro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China, Huiling LiAgro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China, Tianshun WangAgro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China, Liang ChengAgro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China, Wei ChenAgro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China, and Leixing Mo†Corresponding author: L. Mo; E-mail Address: molx03@163.comAgro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Jie Liao1 Wenyan Jiang1 Xiaojian Wu2 Jie He1 Huiling Li1 Tianshun Wang1 Liang Cheng1 Wei Chen1 Leixing Mo1 † 1Agro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China 2Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China Published Online:16 Feb 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-21-0386-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. cv. Badila) is a chewing cane cultivar in southern China. Since the first case of poisoning caused by the consumption of moldy sugarcane was confirmed in northern China in 1972, cases have occurred almost every year. It has been confirmed that Arthrinium is the pathogen that primarily occurs during improper postharvest storage (Liu et al. 1984). In 2019, 10 moldy sugarcane stems (cv. Badila) were collected from Tang County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, China. The sugarcane flesh turned dark and was grayish-white, red, or reddish-brown. Some of them smelled musty. Symptomatic stems were surface disinfected using 75% ethanol and peeled aseptically. Small sections (3 mm3) were placed on potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% chloramphenicol and incubated at 26 ± 2°C. Six fungal isolates were obtained from three sugarcane stems, a positive sample rate of 30%, and identified as the same fungus on the basis of morphological features owing to their formation of flat colonies that were initially white and later turned grayish white with moderate amounts of aerial mycelia. The mycelia consisted of smooth, hyaline, branched, and septate hyphae. The conidiophores were hyaline or pale brown and produced conidiogenous cells. The conidiogenous cells were pale brown, smooth, ampulliform, and 5.5 to 11.2 μm long (n = 50). The conidia were brown, smooth, ellipsoidal to spherical, spherical in surface view, 4.5 to 7.4 μm in diameter, and 3.3 to 4.4 μm wide with a pale equatorial slit (n = 50). The morphological characteristics of the one representative isolate, named LX1918, were identical to those of Arthrinium arundinis (Corda) Dyko & B. Sutton (Apiospora arundinis [Corda] Pintos & P. Alvarado) (Crous and Groenewald 2013; Pintos and Alvarado 2021). Genomic DNA was extracted from the mycelia to further identify the isolate. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA), the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1), and the β-tubulin gene (TUB2) were amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728F/EF-2, and T1/Bt2b (O'Donnell et al. 1997, 1998; White et al. 1990), respectively. BLASTn analysis of the ITS (556 bp, GenBank accession no. MW534386), TEF1 (434 bp, MW584370), and TUB2 (775 bp, MZ090019) sequences of isolate LX1918 showed that they were 99.43, 99.52, and 99.74% similar to the published sequences of isolate CBS 106.12 (KF144883, KF145015, and KF144973), respectively. To confirm Koch's postulates, pathogenicity tests were conducted in triplicate by inoculating the aseptic wounds with a conidial suspension (105/ml) of the isolate in healthy sugarcane stems. The controls were inoculated with sterile water. The sugarcane stems were incubated at 26 ± 2°C and 86% relative humidity in the dark. Obvious moldy symptoms appeared several days after the sugarcane stems had been inoculated. The sugarcane flesh turned reddish brown. In contrast, the control stems were asymptomatic. Ap. arundinis (Ar. arundinis) was reisolated from the inoculated and moldy sugarcane. In addition, 3-nitropropionic acid could be detected using HPLC-MS after the fungus had been cultured on potato yeast sucrose agar for 14 days. Previous studies had confirmed that 3-nitropropionic acid produced by Ar. sacchari, Ar. saccharicola, and Ar. phaeospermum is the causal agent of poisoning caused by the consumption of moldy sugarcane (Hu et al. 1986; Liu et al. 1988). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Ap. arundinis (Ar. arundinis) as the causal agent of infected sugarcane and its production of 3-nitropropionic acid, which is toxic to humans. Therefore, the confirmation that Ap. arundinis (Ar. arundinis) infects sugarcane will expand our understanding of this pathogen and provide fundamental knowledge about the control of Apiospora mold to decrease the incidents of 3-nitropropionic acid poisoning.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Crous, P. W., and Groenewald, J. Z. 2013. IMA Fungus 4:133. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.13 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHu, W. J., et al. 1986. Chin. J. Preventive Med. 20:321. Google ScholarLiu, X. J., et al. 1984. Hygiene Res. 13:28. Google ScholarLiu, X. J., et al. 1988. Acta Mycol. Sinica 7:221. Google ScholarO'Donnell, K., et al. 1997. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7:103. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.0376 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarO'Donnell, K., et al. 1998. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:2044. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.5.2044 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarPintos, A., and Alvarado, P. 2021. Fungal Syst. Evol. 7:197. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.10 Crossref, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Google ScholarFunding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860014).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 3 March 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Downloaded 820 times Article History Issue Date: 30 Mar 2022Published: 16 Feb 2022First Look: 21 Sep 2021Accepted: 15 Sep 2021 Page: 1058 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 31860014KeywordsArthrinium arundinisApiospora arundinismoldy sugarcane3-nitropropionic acidThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download
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