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First Report of Beech Leaf Disease, Caused by Litylenchus crenatae mccannii , on American Beech ( Fagus grandifolia ) in Virginia

2021; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 106; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-08-21-1713-pdn

1943-7692

Mihail R. Kantor, Z. A. Handoo, Lynn K. Carta, Shuxian Li,

Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 6First Report of Beech Leaf Disease, Caused by Litylenchus crenatae mccannii, on American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) in Virginia PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Beech Leaf Disease, Caused by Litylenchus crenatae mccannii, on American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) in VirginiaM. Kantor, Z. Handoo, L. Carta, and S. LiM. KantorMycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, Z. HandooMycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, L. Carta†Corresponding author: L. Carta; E-mail Address: lynn.carta@outlook.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-3990Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, and S. LiMycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705 AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. Kantor Z. Handoo L. Carta † S. Li Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705 Published Online:21 Apr 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-21-1713-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFPDF PlusSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleBeech leaf disease (BLD) was first reported in 2012 in Lake County, Ohio, on American beech trees (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Since then, it spread across the Northeastern United States and has been reported from Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, West Virginia, and Ontario, Canada (Carta et al. 2020; Marra and LaMondia 2020; Reed et al. 2020). The symptoms of BLD are characterized by dark interveinal banding of leaves appearing soon after spring flush that become chlorotic and necrotic through autumn, resulting in canopy thinning in advanced stages, followed in some young trees by death. The North American nematode subspecies Litylenchus crenatae mccannii has similar morphological characteristics to a subspecies of Litylenchus crenatae (Kanzaki et al. 2019) reported on F. crenata from Japan. However, that beech species has not shown BLD symptoms or yielded any L. crenatae mccannii in North America. There are several morphological differences between the two nematode subspecies. The North American subspecies has a shorter postuterine sac and narrower body width in mature females, shorter tail in immature females, longer tail in mature females, and longer stylet in males when compared with the Japanese subspecies (Carta et al. 2020). BLD symptoms were found on American beech trees in Prince William Forest Park, Prince William County, Virginia, in June 2021. The affected leaves contained females, males, and juveniles with morphometrics consistent with L. crenatae mccannii (Carta et al. 2020). The crude genomic DNA from a live single Litylenchus was prepared with freeze-thaw lysis (Carta and Li 2019). ITS PCR was performed using the procedures and primer set, ITS-CL-F2 and 28S-CL-R, described in a previous study (Carta and Li 2020). The visualization, cleanup, and direct DNA sequencing of the PCR products were performed using the procedures described in previous studies (Carta and Li 2018, 2019). Sequences were the same as in a previous study (Carta et al. 2020) and were submitted to GenBank as accessions MZ611855 and MZ611856. This represents the first report of BLD in Virginia. It is also approximately 300 miles south of the 2020 detection of BLD from New Cumberland, West Virginia, and represents the southernmost detection of the disease and nematode in North America.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Carta, L. K., et al. 2020. For. Pathol. 50:e12580. https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12580 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarCarta, L. K., and Li, S. 2018. J. Nematol. 50:533. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2018-051 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarCarta, L. K., and Li, S. 2019. J. Nematol. 51:e2019. Crossref, Google ScholarCarta, L. K., and Li, S. 2020. J Nematol 52:1. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-016 Crossref, Google ScholarKanzaki, N., et al. 2019. Nematology 21:5. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003190 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMarra, R. E., and LaMondia, J. 2020. Plant Dis. 104:2527. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0442-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarReed, S. E., et al. 2020. For. Pathol. 50:e12599. https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12599 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: Mihail Kantor was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USDA-ARS.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 6 June 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Downloaded 436 times Article History Issue Date: 2 Jun 2022Published: 21 Apr 2022First Look: 20 Oct 2021Accepted: 11 Oct 2021 Page: 1764 InformationThis article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American Phytopathological Society, 2022.Keywordsforestnematodespathogen detectiontreesThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited ByTop Ten Most Important U.S.-Regulated and Emerging Plant-Parasitic Nematodes26 February 2022 | Horticulturae, Vol. 8, No. 3