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Durability of SARS-CoV-2–Specific T-Cell Responses at 12 Months Postinfection

2021; Oxford University Press; Volume: 224; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/infdis/jiab543

1537-6613

Zhongyan Lu, Eric D. Laing, Jarina Pena DaMata, Katherine Pohida, Marana S Tso, E Samuels, Nusrat J Epsi, Batsukh Dorjbal, Camille Lake, Stephanie A Richard, Ryan C. Maves, David A Lindholm, Julia S Rozman, Caroline English, Nikhil Huprikar, Katrin Mende, Rhonda E Colombo, Christopher Colombo, Christopher C. Broder, Anuradha Ganesan, Charlotte Lanteri, Brian K. Agan, David R. Tribble, Mark P. Simons, Clifton L. Dalgard, Paul W. Blair, Josh Chenoweth, Simon Pollett, Andrew L. Snow, Timothy Burgess, Allison M.W. Malloy, J Cowden, Samuel DeLeon, A Markelz, Katrin Mende, T Merritt, S Merritt, Walter Reinisch, T Wellington, S Bazan, Patti Kay, Lisa Brandon, N Dimascio-Johnson, Evan Ewers, Kathleen Gallagher, Derek Larson, M Odom, A Rutt, Daniel E. Clark, Susan Chambers, Christopher P. Conlon, K Everson, P Faestel, T Ferguson, Lisi Gordon, S Grogan, S Lis, C Mount, D Musfeldt, W Robb-McGrath, R Sainato, C Schofield, Clare Skinner, Michael Ashley Stein, M Switzer, M Timlin, Samuel Wood, Gerald F. Atwood, S Banks, Rebecca M. Carpenter, C Eickhoff, K Kronmann, Tahaniyat Lalani, Teresa Lee, Adrian L. Smith, R Tant, T Warkentien, John Arnold, Catherine M Berjohn, S Cammarata, Sufia Husain, N Kirkland, Aoife Lane, Scott Parrish, Gregory Utz, S Chi, E Filan, K Fong, Timothy S. Horseman, Milissa U Jones, A Kanis, A Kayatani, William Londeree, Cristian Madar, Joanna Masel, Michael McMahon, K Miyasato, G F Murphy, Viseth Ngauy, E Schoenman, Catherine Uyehara, R Villacorta Lyew, Celia Byrne, Kevin K. Chung, C Coles, Christopher B. Fox, M Grother, D Gunasekera, Patrick W. Hickey, Jeffrey Livezey, C Morales, Thomas Oliver, Edward Parmelee, Jennifer A. Rusiecki, Margaret Sanchez-Edwards, I Scher, Anthony C Fries, I Barahona, D Gunasekera, M Oyeneyin, M Banda, Bradley N Manktelow, T Hunter, O Ikpekpe-Magege, Stephen J. Kemp, Rupal Mody, R Resendez, P Sandoval, M Wiggins,

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19

Characterizing the longevity and quality of cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enhances understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunity that influences clinical outcomes. Prior studies suggest SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are present in peripheral blood 10 months after infection. Analysis of the function, durability, and diversity of cellular response long after natural infection, over a range of ages and disease phenotypes, is needed to identify preventative and therapeutic interventions.We identified participants in our multisite longitudinal, prospective cohort study 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection representing a range of disease severity. We investigated function, phenotypes, and frequency of T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 using intracellular cytokine staining and spectral flow cytometry, and compared magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies.SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and T cells were detected 12 months postinfection. Severe acute illness was associated with higher frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells and antibodies at 12 months. In contrast, polyfunctional and cytotoxic T cells responsive to SARS-CoV-2 were identified in participants over a wide spectrum of disease severity.SARS-CoV-2 infection induces polyfunctional memory T cells detectable at 12 months postinfection, with higher frequency noted in those who experienced severe disease.