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Population Prevalence of Trachoma in Nine Rural Non-Indigenous Evaluation Units of Brazil

2021; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 30; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/09286586.2021.1941127

1744-5086

Célia Landmann Szwarcwald, Maria de Fátima Costa Lopes, Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Júnior, Daniela Vaz Ferreira Gómez, Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna, Wanessa da Silva de Almeida, Giseli Nogueira Damacena, Joana da Felidade Ribeiro Favacho, Paulo Germano de Frias, Robert Butcher, Sarah Boyd, Ana Bakhtiari, Rebecca Willis, Cristina Jimenez, Emma M. Harding‐Esch, Martha Idalí Saboyá-Díaz, Anthony W. Solomon,

Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment

Purpose: To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil's non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted.Methods: Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey evaluation units (EUs) by considering previously endemic municipalities at greatest risk of trachoma. In each of the nine EUs, we conducted a population-based prevalence survey. Every resident of selected households aged ≥1 year was examined for trachomatous inflammation — follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Additionally, data were collected on household-level access to water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and education.Results: A total of 27,962 individuals were examined across nine EUs. The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds was <5% in each EU. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was 99% of surveyed children.Conclusions: The prevalence of TF was well below the target for elimination as a public health problem in all EUs. Because EUs surveyed were selected to represent the highest-risk non-indigenous areas of the country, TF prevalence is unlikely to be ≥5% in non-indigenous populations elsewhere. In one EU, the prevalence of TT was above the target threshold for elimination. Further investigation and possibly improvement in TT surgical provision are required in that EU.