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Relationship between cognition and age at onset of first-episode psychosis: comparative study between adolescents, young adults, and adults

2021; Springer Science+Business Media; Volume: 32; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/s00787-021-01901-8

1435-165X

Elena de la Serna, Olga Puig, Gisela Mezquida, Lucía Moreno-Izco, Jessica Merchán‐Naranjo, Sílvia Amoretti, Pedro Ruiz, Ana González‐Pinto, Mariola Molina-García, Iluminada Corripio, Eduard Vieta, Inmaculada Baeza, Daniel Bergé, Rafael Penadés, Ana M. Sánchez-Torres, Manuel J. Cuesta, Miquel Bernardo, Josefina Castro‐Fornieles, Santiago Madero, Gerard Anmella, Renzo Abregú-Crespo, Marta Rapado‐Castro, Anna Alonso-Solís, Eva Grasa, Eric P. Zorrilla, Itxaso González–Ortega, Pedro Saz, Concepción De‐la‐Cámara, Jose Escarti, Jon-Iñaki Etxeandia-Pradera, Laura Martínez, Teresa Legido, María Sagué‐Vilavella, Laura Montejo, Gisela Sugranyes, Patricia Camprodon-Boadas, Fernando Hernández Contreras, Cristina Saiz-Masvidal, Elisa Seijo, T. Bobes, Miguel Gutiérrez, Arantzazu Zabala, Roberto Rodríguez‐Jiménez, Jusdith Usall, Anna Butllosa, Luis Sánchez-Pastor, Salvador Sarró, Edith Pomarol, Ángela Ibáñez, Ruth Lorente-Omeña, Vicent Balanzá‐Martínez,

Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Psychotic disorders typically manifest from late adolescence to early adulthood, and an earlier onset might be associated with greater symptom severity and a worse long-term prognosis. This study aimed to compare the cognitive characteristics of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) by their age at onset. We included 298 patients diagnosed with FEP and classified them as having an early onset (EOS), youth onset (YOS), or adult onset (AOS) based on age limits of ≤ 18 years (N = 61), 19-24 years (N = 121), and ≥ 25 years (N = 116), respectively. Socio-demographic and clinical variables included age at baseline, gender, socio-economic status, antipsychotic medication, DSM-IV diagnoses assessed by clinical semi-structured interview, psychotic symptom severity, and age at onset. Neuropsychological assessment included six cognitive domains: premorbid intelligence, working memory, processing speed, verbal memory, sustained attention, and executive functioning. The EOS group had lower scores than the YOS or AOS groups in global cognition, executive functioning, and sustained attention. Although the scores in the YOS group were intermediate to those in the EOS and AOS groups for most cognitive factors, no statistically significant differences were detected between the YOS and AOS groups. Age at onset results in specific patterns of cognitive interference. Of note, impairment appears to be greater with EOS samples than with either YOS or AOS samples. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size is needed to confirm our findings.