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Relationship between Th17 immune response and cancer

2021; Baishideng Publishing Group; Volume: 12; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.5306/wjco.v12.i10.845

2218-4333

Hanna Santos Marques, Breno Bittencourt de Brito, Filipe Antônio França da Silva, Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos, Júlio César Braga de Souza, Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia, Luana Weber Lopes, Nayara Silva de Macêdo Neres, Rafael Santos Dantas Miranda Dórea, Anna Carolina Saúde Dantas, Lorena Lôbo Brito Morbeck, Iasmin Souza Lima, Amanda Alves de Almeida, Maiara Raulina de Jesus Dias, Fabrício Freire de Melo,

Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and epidemiological projections predict growing cancer mortality rates in the next decades. Cancer has a close relationship with the immune system and, although Th17 cells are known to play roles in the immune response against microorganisms and in autoimmunity, studies have emphasized their roles in cancer pathogenesis. The Th17 immune response profile is involved in several types of cancer including urogenital, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin cancers. This type of immune response exerts pro and antitumor functions through several mechanisms, depending on the context of each tumor, including the protumor angiogenesis and exhaustion of T cells and the antitumor recruitment of T cells and neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment. Among other factors, the paradoxical behavior of Th17 cells in this setting has been attributed to its plasticity potential, which makes possible their conversion into other types of T cells such as Th17/Treg and Th17/Th1 cells. Interleukin (IL)-17 stands out among Th17-related cytokines since it modulates pathways and interacts with other cell profiles in the tumor microenvironment, which allow Th17 cells to prevail in tumors. Moreover, the IL-17 is able to mediate pro and antitumor processes that influence the development and progression of various cancers, being associated with variable clinical outcomes. The understanding of the relationship between the Th17 immune response and cancer as well as the singularities of carcinogenic processes in each type of tumor is crucial for the identification of new therapeutic targets.