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Infection in asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 can interfere with the achievement of robust immunity on a population scale

2021; Microbiology Society; Volume: 102; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1099/jgv.0.001684

1465-2099

Kelvinson Fernandes Viana, Luís Fernando Boff Zarpelon, Andre Leandro, Maria Leandra Terêncio, Renata Defante Lopes, Caroline Amaral Martins, Isaak Silva, Alessandra Cristiane Sibim, Fábio Marques, RAFAEL DA SILVA, Açucena Veleh Rivas, Adrieli Barboza de Souza, Angelo dos-Santos, Sara Torres, María Pilar García García, Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti, Wagner Antônio Chiba de Castro,

COVID-19 epidemiological studies

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread worldwide as a severe pandemic, and a significant portion of the infected population may remain asymptomatic. Given this, five surveys were carried out between May and September 2020 with a total of 3585 volunteers in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu, State of Paraná, a triple border region between Brazil/Argentina/Paraguay. Five months after the first infection, volunteers were re-analysed for the production of IgG anti-Spike and anti-RBD-Spike, in addition to analyses of cellular immunity. Seroconversion rates ranged from 4.4 % to a peak of 37.21 % followed by a reduction in seroconversion to 21.1 % in September, indicating that 25 % of the population lost their circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 3 months after infection. Analyses after 5 months of infection showed that only 17.2 % of people still had anti-RBD-Spike antibodies, however, most volunteers had some degree of cellular immune response. The strategy of letting people become naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 to achieve herd immunity is flawed, and the first contact with the virus may not generate enough immunogenic stimulus to prevent a possible second infection.