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Brain dysfunction in tubular and tubulointerstitial kidney diseases

2021; Oxford University Press; Volume: 37; Issue: Supplement_2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/ndt/gfab276

1460-2385

Davide Viggiano, Annette Bruchfeld, Sol Carriazo, Antonio De Donato, Nicole Endlich, Ana Carina Ferreira, Andreja Figurek, Denis Fouque, Casper Franssen, Konstantinos Giannakou, Dimitrios Goumenos, Ewout J. Hoorn, Dorothea Nitsch, Alberto Ortíz, Vesna Pešić, Daiva Rastenytė, María José Soler, Merita Rroji, Francesco Trepiccione, Robert J. Unwin, Carsten A. Wagner, Andrzej Więcek, Miriam Zacchia, Carmine Zoccali, Giovambattista Capasso, Giovambattista Capasso, Alexandre Andrade, Maie Bachmann, Inga Arūnė Bumblytė, Adrian Covic, Pilar Delgado, Nicole Endlich, Andreas Engvig, Denis Fouque, Casper Franssen, Sebastian Frische, Liliana Gârneaţă, Loreto Gesualdo, Konstantinos Giannakou, Dimitrios Goumenos, Ayşe Tuğba Kartal, Laila‐Yasmin Mani, Hans-Peter Marti, Christopher Mayer, Rikke Nielsen, Vesna Pšić, Merita Rroji, Giorgos K. Sakkas, Goce Spasovski, Kate I Stevens, Evgueniy Vazelov, Davide Viggiano, Lefteris C. Zacharia, Ana Carina Ferreira, Jolanta Małyszko, Ewout J. Hoorn, Andreja Figurek, Robert J. Unwin, Carsten A. Wagner, Christoph Wanner, Annette Bruchfeld, Marion Pépin, Andrzej Więcek, Dorothea Nitsch, Ivo Fridolin, Gaye Hafez, María José Soler, Michelangela Barbieri, Bojan Batinić, Laura Carrasco, Sol Carriazo, Ron T. Gansevoort, Gianvito Martino, Francesco Mattace‐Raso, Ionuţ Nistor, Alberto Ortíz, Giuseppe Paolisso, Daiva Rastenytė, Gabriel Ștefan, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Ziad A. Massy, Boris Bikbov, Karlhans Endlich, Olivier Godefroy, Jean‐Marc Chillon, Anastassia Kossioni, Justina Kurganaite, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Tomasz Grodzicki, Francesco Trepiccione, Carmine Zoccali, Mustafa Arıcı, Peter J. Blankestijn, Kai‐Uwe Eckardt, Danilo Fliser, Eugenio Gutiérrez Jiménez, Maximilian König, Ivan Rychlík, Michela Deleidi, György Reusz,

Bipolar Disorder and Treatment

Kidney function has two important elements: glomerular filtration and tubular function (secretion and reabsorption). A persistent decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with or without proteinuria, is diagnostic of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While glomerular injury or disease is a major cause of CKD and usually associated with proteinuria, predominant tubular injury, with or without tubulointerstitial disease, is typically non-proteinuric. CKD has been linked with cognitive impairment, but it is unclear how much this depends on a decreased GFR, altered tubular function or the presence of proteinuria. Since CKD is often accompanied by tubular and interstitial dysfunction, we explore here for the first time the potential role of the tubular and tubulointerstitial compartments in cognitive dysfunction. To help address this issue we selected a group of primary tubular diseases with preserved GFR in which to review the evidence for any association with brain dysfunction. Cognition, mood, neurosensory and motor disturbances are not well characterized in tubular diseases, possibly because they are subclinical and less prominent than other clinical manifestations. The available literature suggests that brain dysfunction in tubular and tubulointerstitial diseases is usually mild and is more often seen in disorders of water handling. Brain dysfunction may occur when severe electrolyte and water disorders in young children persist over a long period of time before the diagnosis is made. We have chosen Bartter and Gitelman syndromes and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus as examples to highlight this topic. We discuss current published findings, some unanswered questions and propose topics for future research.