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First Report of Schlumbergera Virus X in Dragon Fruit ( Hylocereus s pp.) in Spain

2021; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 106; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-09-21-1879-pdn

1943-7692

Dirk Janssen, Carla Fuster‐García, Leticia Ruiz,

Plant tissue culture and regeneration

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 7First Report of Schlumbergera Virus X in Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.) in Spain PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Schlumbergera Virus X in Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.) in SpainD. Janssen, C. García, and L. RuizD. Janssen†Corresponding author: D. Janssen; E-mail Address: dirk.janssen@juntadeandalucia.eshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9294-9237IFAPA, Centro La Mojonera, La Mojonera, Almeria, 04745 Spain, C. GarcíaIFAPA, Centro La Mojonera, La Mojonera, Almeria, 04745 Spain, and L. RuizIFAPA, Centro La Mojonera, La Mojonera, Almeria, 04745 Spain AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations D. Janssen † C. García L. Ruiz IFAPA, Centro La Mojonera, La Mojonera, Almeria, 04745 Spain Published Online:23 May 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-21-1879-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleDragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) is a high-value fruit crop that was introduced about a decade ago in the mainland of Spain. In 2021, chlorotic spots were observed on young cladodes in a commercial dragon fruit orchard in the province of Seville (southern Spain). Sap extracts from four symptomatic cladodes were used to mechanically inoculate indicator plants: no symptoms were produced in Datura stramonium plants, but Chenopodium amaranticolor reacted with chlorotic local lesions, and prickly pear plants (Opuntia ficus-indica) showed irregular yellow ringspot symptoms on young cladodes at 30 days postinoculation. Total RNA was extracted from all four symptomatic cladodes as previously described (Pallas et al. 1987). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, which was carried out with M-MLV-RT and GoTaq Pol (Promega Biotech Ibérica, SL, Madrid, Spain) and tobamovirus primers (Dovas et al. 2004), failed to produce any amplicons. Electrophoretic analysis of dsRNA, extracted from symptomatic cladodes, yielded a banding pattern similar to the one reported for potexviruses (Valverde et al. 1986). Primers specific for cactus virus X (Kim et al. 2016) failed to produce amplicons, whereas potexvirus group primers (Potex F5/Potex R2) (van der Vlugt and Berendsen 2002) amplified an expected 584-bp amplicon from RNA extracts of all four field-collected samples. The RT-PCR products from the four samples were Sanger sequenced. All showed identical sequence results (GenBank accession no. MZ614940) with a predicted amino acid identity of 99% with the corresponding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase amino acid sequence of schlumbergera virus X (SchVX) (GenBank accession no. ACD99908). SchVX-specific primers (431s, 5′-TTTGAGGAGTTCGTCAGCAAGA-3′ and 431As, 5′-TCAAGAGCCCATTGAGAGAGTG-3′) that were designed based on the new sequence amplified the expected amplicon of around 430 nucleotides from the total RNA extracts of the four samples. The amplicons were Sanger sequenced, and the expected nucleotide sequence was obtained. This pair of primers was used in RT-PCR tests on subsequent surveys in two commercial dragon fruit greenhouses from the province of Seville and in one experimental greenhouse in the province of Almeria. All samples from 25 symptomatic plants of H. undatus, H. hybridum, H. costaricensis, and H. purpusii in Seville and from one symptomatic H. undatus plant from Almeria tested positive for SchVX, while 15 asymptomatic plants tested negative. The results obtained in this investigation support that SchVX is present in the cladodes of dragon fruit plants expressing the symptoms. SchVX has been reported previously in H. undatus in Brazil (Duarte et al. 2008) and in prickly pear in Mexico (De La Torre-Almaráz et al. 2016). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the virus in Spain. These findings suggest that SchVX has been introduced in dragon fruit farms in Spain, and propagation of this emerging crop through planting of cuttings should include testing for this virus in order to prevent further spread.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:De La Torre-Almaráz, D., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:1799. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1326-PDN Link, Google ScholarDovas, C. I., et al. 2004. J. Virol. Methods 117:137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.01.004 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDuarte, L. M. L., et al. 2008. J. Plant Pathol. 90:545. ISI, Google ScholarKim, J. S., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:2544. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-16-0889-PDN Link, Google ScholarPallas, V., et al. 1987. J. Gen. Virol. 68:3201. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-68-12-3201 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarValverde, R. A., et al. 1986. Phytopathology 76:459. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-76-459 Crossref, ISI, Google Scholarvan der Vlugt, R. A. A., and Berendsen, N. 2002. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108:367. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015644409484 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by IFAPA and European Regional Development Fund (Project AVA2019.015).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 7 July 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 8 Jul 2022Published: 23 May 2022First Look: 7 Dec 2021Accepted: 30 Nov 2021 Page: 2004 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingEuropean Regional Development FundGrant/Award Number: AVA2019.015Keywordspathogen detectionpitayaviruses and viroidsThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download