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Waterpipe tobacco smoking and oral health: what is important to know?

2021; Wiley; Volume: 117; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/add.15776

1360-0443

Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves, BRUNA FERNANDES DO CARMO CARVALHO, Sandra Silva Marques, Márcio Ajudarte Lopes, Janete Días Almeida,

Pediatric health and respiratory diseases

AddictionVolume 117, Issue 5 p. 1493-1494 LETTER TO THE EDITORFree Access Waterpipe tobacco smoking and oral health: what is important to know? Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves, Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-9443 Technology Research Center (NPT), Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorBruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho, Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-5220 Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorSandra Silva Marques, Sandra Silva Marques orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-2681 São Paulo State Reference Center on Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs- Secretary of Health, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorMárcio Ajudarte Lopes, Márcio Ajudarte Lopes orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-0065 Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorJanete Dias Almeida, Janete Dias Almeida [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-9715 Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves, Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-9443 Technology Research Center (NPT), Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorBruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho, Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-5220 Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorSandra Silva Marques, Sandra Silva Marques orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-2681 São Paulo State Reference Center on Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs- Secretary of Health, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorMárcio Ajudarte Lopes, Márcio Ajudarte Lopes orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-0065 Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorJanete Dias Almeida, Janete Dias Almeida [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-9715 Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 December 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15776Citations: 2AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL The use of manufactured cigarettes in Brazil has decreased since the mid-1980s [1], largely as a result of prevention policies, increase of the awareness of the harmful effects of cigarette use and the establishment of smoke-free environments [2]. Nonetheless, other types of tobacco consumption, such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and waterpipes (hookah, narghile and shisha) are popular practices among adolescents and young adults [3]. Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is responsible for a significant and growing portion of smokers in the world [4] and its use is increasingly popular, representing a potential public health concern [5], including in Brazil [6]. The introduction of flavoured tobacco, social acceptability and the lack of regulatory policies contributed to its spread [4], with signs of a growing global epidemic with serious prospects for morbidity and mortality [7]. There is a relationship between WTS and development of potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer [8, 9], even at a young age [10]. The deleterious effects are similar to cigarette smoking [11], or even more extensive [12], because of the exposure to various carcinogens and toxic substances, such as nitrosamines, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes and heavy metals. Additionally, burning coal, a heat source, contributes to high levels of carbon monoxide [4]. Therefore, awareness programs on smoking and oral cancer must be targeted at young people, and WTS must be subjected to stricter control [10]. It is of great importance to educate the general public to dissipate the perception of its safe use [13], highlighting that oral health professionals should be prepared to provide effective tobacco-use prevention and cessation counselling because they will see more patients exposed to these products [14, 15]. Public health policy actions are needed to combat the emerging WTS epidemic [16]. Strategies aiming the new tobacco modalities should be implemented to prevent smoking habits in the new generation [3]. Brazil is internationally recognized for its leadership in tobacco control and is a signatory country of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO/FCTC). Only Brazil and Turkey have adopted all MPOWER measures (monitor tobacco use and prevention policies, protect people from tobacco smoke, offer help to quit tobacco use, warn about the dangers of tobacco, enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and raise taxes on tobacco) at best-practice level [2]. A consistent prevention policy must comply with all articles of the WHO/FCTC, such as, banning all types of advertising, expanding the ban on product exposure and acting on indirect advertising of digital influencers on social networks, which are increasingly used to encourage smoking. When thinking about strengthening the National Policy on Tobacco Control (NTCP) in Brazil, the qualification of dental surgeons in chemical dependency would be an important strategy for the inclusion and expansion of these professionals as protagonists in primary health care [2]. DECLARATION OF INTERESTS None. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We acknowledge São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for grant #2018/23248-1. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION MGO Alves: substantial contributions to the conception, drafting the article, revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published. BF do Carmo Carvalho: substantial contributions to the conception, drafting the article, final approval of the version to be published. SS Marques: substantial contributions to the conception, final approval of the version to be published. MA Lopes: substantial contributions to the conception of the letter, drafting the article, revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published. JD Almeida: conception of the letter, drafting the article, revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published. REFERENCES 1Monteiro C, Cavalcante T, Moura E, Claro R, Szwarcwald C. Population-based evidence of a strong decline in the prevalence of smokers in Brazil (1989-2003). Bull World Health Organ. 2007; 85: 527– 34. 2 World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic. New and emerging products. 2021; Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/343287/9789240032095-eng.pdf?sequence=1%26isAllowed=y 3Bertoni N, Szklo A, De Boni R, Coutinho C, Vasconcellos M, Nascimento Silva P, et al. Electronic cigarettes and narghile users in Brazil: Do they differ from cigarettes smokers? 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Int J Public Health. 2017; 62(1): 73– 83. 10Al-Amad SH, Awad MA, Nimri O. Oral cancer in young Jordanians: Potential association with frequency of narghile smoking. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014; 118(5): 560– 5. 11Amer HW, Waguih HM, El-Rouby DH. Development of field cancerization in the clinically normal oral mucosa of shisha smokers. Int J Dent Hyg. 2019; 17(1): 39– 45. 12Rajabi-Moghaddam M, Haji Mirzamohammad M, Yahyazadeh E, Gholinia H, Abbaszadeh H. Comparison of genotoxic effect in buccal exfoliated cells between cigarette and Waterpipe smokers. Acta Cytol. 2020; 64(5): 471– 6. 13Awan KH, Siddiqi K, Patil S, Hussain QA. Assessing the effect of waterpipe smoking on cancer outcome - a systematic review of current evidence. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2017; 18(2): 495– 502. 14Ramôa CP, Eissenberg T, Sahingur SE. Increasing popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use: Implications for oral healthcare. J Periodontal Res. 2017; 2(5): 813– 23. 15Couch ET, Chaffee BW, Gansky SA, Walsh MM. The changing tobacco landscape: What dental professionals need to know. J am Dent Assoc. 2016; 147(7): 561– 9. 16Maziak W. The waterpipe: Time for action. Addiction. 2008; 103(11): 1763– 7. Citing Literature Volume117, Issue5May 2022Pages 1493-1494 ReferencesRelatedInformation