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The high methylation level of a novel 151-bp CpG island in the ESR1 gene promoter is associated with a poor breast cancer prognosis

2021; BioMed Central; Volume: 21; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1186/s12935-021-02343-7

1475-2867

Laura Itzel Quintas‐Granados, Hernán Cortés, Manuel González‐Del Carmen, Gerardo Leyva‐Gómez, Lilia Patricia Bustamante-Montes, Miguel Rodríguez-Morales, Edgar Yebrán Villegas-Vázquez, Israel López-Reyes, Sofía Lizeth Alcaráz‐Estrada, Jorge Sandoval-Basilio, Ernesto Soto‐Reyes, Javad Sharifi‐Rad, Gabriela Figueroa‐González, Octavio D. Reyes‐Hernández,

Cancer-related gene regulation

Abstract Background The ESR 1 gene suffers methylation changes in many types of cancers, including breast cancer (BC), the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women that is also present in men. Methylation at promoter A of ESR 1 is the worse prognosis in terms of overall survival; thus, the early detection, prognostic, and prediction of therapy involve some methylation biomarkers. Methods Therefore, our study aimed to examine the methylation levels at the ESR 1 gene in samples from Mexican BC patients and its possible association with menopausal status. Results We identified a novel 151-bp CpG island in the promoter A of the ESR 1 gene. Interestingly, methylation levels at this CpG island in positive ERα tumors were approximately 50% less than negative ERα or control samples. Furthermore, methylation levels at ESR 1 were associated with menopausal status. In postmenopausal patients, the methylation levels were 1.5-fold higher than in premenopausal patients. Finally, according to tumor malignancy, triple-negative cancer subtypes had higher ESR 1 methylation levels than luminal/HER2+ or luminal A subtypes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that methylation at this novel CpG island might be a promising prognosis marker