Orodruina nom. n. (gen.) and Orodruinidae nom. n. (fam.) pro Gruberella Page 1983 non Corliss 1960 and Gruberellidae Page & Blanton 1985 (Discoba = Eozoa: Discicristata, Heterolobosea = Percolozoa, incertae sedis), with Orodruina flavescens comb. n. for Gruberella flavescens Page 1983
2021; Q15088586; Volume: 5082; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês
10.11646/zootaxa.5082.5.7
ISSN1175-5334
Autores Tópico(s)Marine Biology and Ecology Research
ResumoAcairis ("k") fem.name, "bride" (LT1:252; in Tolkien's later Quenya, "bride" is rather indis) acúna ("k") see cúna Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEKae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.) aha noun "rage", also name of tengwa #11, earlier called harma (Appendix E) ahosta see hosta a h t a r -" d o b a c k ; r e a c t ; r e q u i t e , avenge" (PE17:166).Also accar-.(The note containing this form was struck out, but the related Sindarin word acharn "vengeance" appears in the narratives.)# ahya-vb."change" (intransitive), only attested in the past tense: ahyanë (PM:395) ai! interjection "Ah!", "Alas!" (Nam, RGEO:66; also twice in Narqelion, untranslated.)In one (abandoned) version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, Tolkien may seem to use ai as a vocative particle: ai Ataremma ?"o our Father" (VT43:10, 13) aia interjection "hail", variant of aiya (VT43:28) aian noun "a holy thing or object or place", later form of áyan (PE17:149) aica (1) ("k") adj."sharp" (AYAK) or "fell, terrible, dire" (PM:347; according to PM:363 seldom applied to evil things).In Aicanáro, q.v.aica (2) ("k") adj."broad, vast" (LT2:338 -this early "Qenya" form is probably obsoleted by # 1 above) aicalë ("k") noun "a peak" (AYAK) Aicanáro ("k") masc.name "Sharp Flame, Fell Fire"; Sindarized as Aegnor.(So in SA:nár and PM:345; MR:323 has Aicanár.VT41:14, 19 instead gives Ecyanáro as the Q form of Aegnor.)aicassë ("k") (1) noun "mountain peak" (AYAK) aicassë ("k") (2) noun "pinetree" (GL:17; this "Qenya" word is evidently obsoleted by #1 above.)ailin ("g.sg.ailinen", in Tolkien's later Quenya dat.sg.) "pool, lake" (AY, LIN 1 , LT2:339).Fem.name Ailinel (likely *Ailinell-), perhaps ailin + the feminine ending -el (as in aranel "princess"), hence *"Lakewoman" or similar (UT:210).#ailinë (nominative uncertain) noun "shore, beach" (in Tolkien's later Quenya rather hresta).Only attested in inflected forms: sg.ablative ailinello "shorefrom" (MC:213), sg.locative ailinisse "on shore" (MC: 221), pl.locative ailissen "on beaches" (for *ailinissen?)(MC:221) ailo noun "lake, pool" (LT2:339; Tolkien's later Quenya has ailin) aimenal, aimenel -see lirulin aina-(1) vb."to hallow, bless, treat as holy" (PE17:149) aina (2) adj "holy" (AYAN), derived from Ainu.Adopted and adapted from Valarin.According to VT43:32, the word is "obsolete, except in Ainur", apparently suggesting that airë or airëa (q.v.) was the normal term for "holy" in later Quenya.However, Tolkien repeatedly used aina in his translation of the Litany of Loreto: Aina Fairë "Holy Spirit", Aina Neldië "Holy Trinity", Aina Maria "Holy Mary", Aina Wendë "Holy Virgin".He also used Aina Eruontari for "holy Mother" in his rendering of the Sub Tuum Praesidium (WJ:399, FS, SA, VT43:32, VT44:5, 12,(17)(18) ainas noun "a hallow, a fane" (PE17:149).Compare yána #2.Aini noun feminine form of Ainu (AYAN, LT1:248); see Ainu.ainima adj."blessed, holy (of things)" (PE17:149) Aino noun "god", within Tolkien's mythos a synonym of Ainu (but since Aino is basically only a personalized form of aina "holy", hence "holy one", it could be used as a general word for "god") (PE15:72)Ainu noun "holy one, angelic spirit"; fem.Aini (AYAN, LT1:248); "one of the 'order' of the Valar and Maiar, made before Eä"; pl.Ainur is attested.Adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:399).In the early "Qenya Lexicon", ainu was glossed "a pagan god", and aini was similarly "a pagan goddess", but as Christopher Tolkien notes, "Of course no one within the context of the mythology can call the Ainur 'pagan' " (LT1:248).Ainulindalë noun "Music of the Ainur" (SA:lin #2), the First History (WJ:406), the Song of Creation (AYAN) aipio noun "plum tree, cherry tree" (GL:18) aiqua ("q") adj."steep" (AYAK).Not to be confused with the pronoun *aiqua "if anything, whatever" that post-Tolkien writers have extrapolated from aiquen (q.v.) on the basis of such pairs as ilquen vs. ilqua (q.v.) aiqualin ("q") adj."tall", plural form (???) (MC: 216; this is "Qenya" -but cf.aiqua above.)aiquen pron."if anybody, whoever" (WJ:372) aira (1) adj."red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY) aira (2) adj."holy"; see airë #1 aira (3) adj."old" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")[ aira (4) adj."eternal" (EY, VT45:13).Changed by Tolkien to oira.] airë (1) adj."holy", #Airefëa "the Holy Spirit" (VT43:37, dative airefëan on the previous page), airetári or Airë Tári "holy queen" (a title of Varda, PM: 363), genitive aire-tário "holy-queen's" (Nam, RGEO:67).However, according to PM:363, airë is the noun "sanctity", while aira is the adjective "holy".VT43:14 refers to an etymological note of "Sept.-Oct.1957" where airë is said to be a noun "sanctity, holiness", and the adjective "holy" is given as airëa.However, the verb #airita-"hallow" seems to be formed from an adjective airë, airi-"holy".Evidently airë can function as both adjective ("holy") and noun ("holiness"); if so airë as adj.could represent a primitive adjective *gaisi, whereas airë as noun may descend from *gaisē.The former but not the latter would have the stem airi-(as observed in the derived verb #airita-), and compounds like airetári (rather than *airitári) would seem to contain properly the noun "holiness".airë (2) noun "sea" (the form airen is given, intended as a genitive singular when Tolkien wrote this; in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be a dative sg.) (AYAR/ AIR; cf.airon)[ airë (3) noun "eternity" (EY, VT45:13)] airëa adj."holy"; see airë.apairë noun "victory" (GL:17) Apanónar noun "the After-born", an Elvish name of Mortal Men as the Second-born of Ilúvatar (WJ:387) aparuivë, also just ruivë, noun "wild fire -fire as conflagration" (PE17:183) apo prep.?"after" (see apa #1) (VT44:36) appa-vb."touch" (in the literal sense; contrast #ap-, q.v.) (VT44:26) apsa noun "cooked food, meat" (AP) apsene-vb."remit, release, forgive" (VT43:18, 20; it is unclear whether the final -e is somehow part of the verbal stem or is just the final form of the ending -i associated with the aorist, so that "I forgive" would be *apsenin).Where Tolkien used apsene-, he cited the person(s) forgiven in the dative (ámen apsenë "forgive us", literally "for us"), whereas the matter that is forgiven appears as a direct object (VT43:12).Compare avatyar-.aqua adv."fully, completely, altogether, wholly" (WJ:392) aquapahtië noun "privacy" (literally *"fullyclosedness", of a mind that closes itself against telepathic transfers) (VT39:23)[aquet noun?vb? "answer" (PE17:166)] ar (1) conj."and" (AR 2 , SA, FS, Nam, RGEO:67, CO, LR:47, 56, MC:216, VT43:31, VT44:10, 34; see VT47:31 for etymology, cf. also VT49:25, 40).The older form of the conjunction was az (PE17:41).Ar is often assimilated to al, as before l, s (PE17:41, 71), but "in written Quenya ar was usually written in all cases" (PE17:71).In one case, Tolkien altered the phrase ar larmar "and garments" to al larmar; the former may then be seen as representing the spelling, whereas the latter represents the pronunciation (PE17:175).More complex schemes of assimilation are suggested to have existed in "Old Quenya", the conjunction varying between ar, a and as depending on the following consonant (PE17:41, 71).An alternative longer form of the conjunction, arë, is said to occur "occasionally in Tolkien's later writings" (VT43:31, cf.VT48:14).In the Etymologies, the word for "and" was first written as ar(a) (VT45:6).-In one source, Tolkien notes that Quenya used ar "as preposition beside, next, or as adverb = and" (PE17:145); compare ara.ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below.Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27).Usually the word for "day" in LotRstyle Quenya is rather aurë (or ré), q.v.Ar Fanturion noun *"Day of the Fanturi (Mandos and Lorien)" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK).Also Arë Fanturion (VT45:27).Ar Manwen noun *"Day of Manwe" (LEP/LEPEN/ LEPEK; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -n.)Also Arë Manwen (VT45:27).Ar Ulmon noun *"Day of Ulmo" (LEP/LEPEN/ LEPEK; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -n.)Ar Veruen noun *"Day of the Spouses" (Aule and Yavanna) (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -n.)Also Arë Veruen (VT45:27).ar-(1) prefix "outside" (AR 2 ), element meaning "beside" (VT42:17), "by" (PE17:169; in the same source the glosses "near, by, beside" were rejected).Cf. ara.ar-(2), also ari-, prefix for superlative (compare arya #1, 2), hence arcalima "brightest", arimelda *"dearest" (PE17:56-57).In the grammar described in the source, this prefix was to express superlative as the highest degree (in actual comparison), whereas the alternative prefix an-rather expressed "very" or "exceedingly" with a more purely augmentative or adverbial force, but these distinctions do not seem to have been clearly present at all stages of Tolkien's work.See an-#2, am-#2.ára noun "dawn" (AR 1 ).According to VT45:6, ára is also the name of the long vowel carrier of the Tengwar system; it would be the first letter of the word ára if spelt in Tengwar.a r a p r e p .( a n d a d v. ? ) " o u t s i d e , b e s i d e , besides" (AR 2 , VT49:57).According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this.Arsë "he is out", VT49:23, 35, 36.As for ar(a), see ar #1.-VT49:25 lists what seems to be ar(a) combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni > arni *"beside me", astyë *"beside you" (informal), allë *"besides you" (formal), arsë *"beside him/her", plural anwë > armë *"beside us" (exclusive), arwë *"beside us" (inclusive), astë > ardë *"beside you" (plural), astë > artë *"beside them"; dual anwet > armet *"beside us (two)".(Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-.)The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence *"beside the" (VT49:24-25) Ara-, ar-a prefixed form of the stem Ara-"noble" (PM:344).In the masc.names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM: 360, cf.344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230) Araman place-name "outside Aman", name of a region (SA:ar, mān) aran noun "king"; pl.arani (WJ:369, VT45:16
Referência(s)