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Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) Genotypes Associated with the Immunopathological Profile of People Living with HIV-1: Immunological Aspects of Primary EBV Infection

2022; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 14; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/v14020168

1999-4915

Leonn Mendes Soares Pereira, Eliane dos Santos França, Iran Barros Costa, Igor Tenório Lima, Amaury Bentes Cunha Freire, Francisco Lúzio de Paula Ramos, Talita Antônia Furtado Monteiro, Olinda Macêdo, Rita Catarina Medeiros Sousa, Felipe Bonfim Freitas, Igor Brasil Costa, Antônio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto,

Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunological profile of adult HIV-1+ patients coinfected with primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection who were free of antiretroviral drugs and inhabitants of the Brazilian Amazon region.Primary EBV infection was screened by the semiquantitative detection of IgM and IgG anti-VCA. Genotypes were determined by conventional PCR. EBV and HIV viral load (VL) were quantified by real-time PCR. Cytokine dosage and cell quantification were performed by cytometry.Only HIV-1+ individuals had primary EBV infection (7.12%). The EBV-1 genotype was the most prevalent (47.37%). The VL of HIV-1 was lower in the HIV/EBV-2 group. CD4+ T lymphocytes were inversely proportional to the VL of EBV in HIV/EBV-1/2 multi-infected patients. The HIV/EBV-2 group had the lowest cytokine levels, especially IFN-γ and IL-4. Different correlations were proposed for each coinfection. The late search for specific care related to HIV infection directly affected the cytokine profile and the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Symptoms were associated with the increase in VL of both viruses and cytokine profile.Different immunological profiles were associated with EBV genotypes in primary infection, with EBV-2 being more frequent in patients with low levels of HIV viral load. With late infection monitoring and consequent delay in the initiation of HAART, clinical changes and effects on the maintenance of the immune response were observed.