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Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among intubated patients with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza pneumonia: a European multicenter comparative cohort study

2022; BioMed Central; Volume: 26; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1186/s13054-021-03874-1

1466-609X

Anahita Rouzé, Elise Lemaître, Ignacio Martín‐Loeches, Pedro Póvoa, Emili Dı́az, Rémy Nyga, Antoni Torres, Matthieu Metzelard, Damien du Cheyron, Fabien Lambiotte, Fabienne Tamion, Marie Labruyère, Claire Boulle Geronimi, Charles‐Édouard Luyt, Martine Nyunga, Olivier Pouly, Arnaud W. Thille, Bruno Mégarbane, Anastasia Saade, Eleni Magira, Jean‐François Llitjos, Iliana Ioannidou, Alexandre Pierre, Jean Reignier, Denis Garot, Louis Kreitmann, Jean-Luc Baudel, Guillaume Voiriot, Gaëtan Plantefève, Élise Morawiec, Pierre Asfar, Alexandre Boyer, Armand Mekontso Dessap, Demosthènes Makris, Christophe Vinsonneau, Pierre-Edouard Floch, Clémence Marois, Adrián Ceccato, Antonio Artigas, Alexandre Gaudet, David Nora, Marjorie Cornu, Alain Duhamel, Julien Labreuche, Saad Nseir, Mathilde Bouchereau, Boualem Sendid, Seán Boyd, Luís Coelho, Julien Maizel, Pierre Cuchet, Wafa Zarrougui, Déborah Boyer, Jean‐Pierre Quenot, Mehdi Imouloudene, Marc Pineton de Chambrun, Thierry Van Der Linden, François Arrivé, Sébastian Voicu, Élie Azoulay, Edgard Moglia, Frédéric Pène, Catia Cillóniz, Didier Thévenin, Charlotte Larrat, Laurent Argaud, Bertrand Guidet, Matthieu Turpin, Damien Contou, Alexandra Beurton, Julien Demiselle, David Meguerditchian, Keyvan Razazi, Romain Arrestier, Vasiliki Tsolaki, Mehdi Marzouk, Guillaume Brunin, Nicolas Weiss, Luis Morales,

Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases

Recent multicenter studies identified COVID-19 as a risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). However, no large multicenter study has compared the incidence of IPA between COVID-19 and influenza patients.To determine the incidence of putative IPA in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 patients, compared with influenza patients.This study was a planned ancillary analysis of the coVAPid multicenter retrospective European cohort. Consecutive adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for > 48 h for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia or influenza pneumonia were included. The 28-day cumulative incidence of putative IPA, based on Blot definition, was the primary outcome. IPA incidence was estimated using the Kalbfleisch and Prentice method, considering extubation (dead or alive) within 28 days as competing event.A total of 1047 patients were included (566 in the SARS-CoV-2 group and 481 in the influenza group). The incidence of putative IPA was lower in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group (14, 2.5%) than in influenza pneumonia group (29, 6%), adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio (cHR) 3.29 (95% CI 1.53-7.02, p = 0.0006). When putative IPA and Aspergillus respiratory tract colonization were combined, the incidence was also significantly lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group, as compared to influenza group (4.1% vs. 10.2%), adjusted cHR 3.21 (95% CI 1.88-5.46, p < 0.0001). In the whole study population, putative IPA was associated with significant increase in 28-day mortality rate, and length of ICU stay, compared with colonized patients, or those with no IPA or Aspergillus colonization.Overall, the incidence of putative IPA was low. Its incidence was significantly lower in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia than in those with influenza pneumonia. Clinical trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04359693 .