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Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228) as food additives

2016; Wiley; Volume: 14; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Romeno

10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4438

1831-4732

Stéphane Reculusa, Stéphane Arbault,

Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety

EFSA JournalVolume 14, Issue 4 4438 OpinionOpen Access Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228) as food additives EFSA Panel on Food additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS), EFSA Panel on Food additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)Search for more papers by this author EFSA Panel on Food additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS), EFSA Panel on Food additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)Search for more papers by this author First published: 14 April 2016 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4438Citations: 14 Panel members: Fernando Aguilar, Riccardo Crebelli, Alessandro Di Domenico, Birgit Dusemund, Maria Jose Frutos, Pierre Galtier, David Gott, Ursula Gundert-Remy, Claude Lambré, Jean-Charles Leblanc, Oliver Lindtner, Peter Moldeus, Alicja Mortensen, Pasquale Mosesso, Dominique Parent-Massin, Agneta Oskarsson, Ivan Stankovic, Ine Waalkens-Berendsen, Rudolf Antonius Woutersen, Matthew Wright and Maged Younes. Correspondence: fip@efsa.europa.eu Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Standing Working Group on the re-evaluation of food additives other than gums and colours: Polly Ester Boon, Dimitrios Chrysafidis, Birgit Dusemund, David Gott, Rainer Gürtler, Ursula Gundert-Remy, Claude Lambré, Jean-Charles Leblanc, Daniel Marzin, Peter Moldeus, Pasquale Mosesso, Dominique Parent-Massin, Ivan Stankovic, Paul Tobback, Ine Waalkens-Berendsen, Rudolf Antonius Woutersen and Matthew Wright for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion and EFSA staff members: Davide Arcella, Dario Battacchi, Georges Kass, Francesca Romana Mancini, Ana Rincon and Alexandra Tard for the support provided to this scientific opinion. The ANS Panel wishes to acknowledge all European competent institutions, Member State bodies and other organisations that provided data for this scientific output. Adoption date: 9 March 2016 Published date: 14 April 2016 Question number: EFSA-Q-2011-00445, EFSA-Q-2011-00446, EFSA-Q-2011-00447, EFSA-Q-2011-00448, EFSA-Q-2011-00449, EFSA-Q-2011-00450, EFSA-Q-2011-00451, EFSA-Q-2011-00452 On request from: European Commission AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion re-evaluating sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228) when used as food additives. The Panel noted that sulfur dioxide, bisulfite and sulfite ions existed in a series of equilibria and that these would favour bisulfite ions at the pH of the stomach and sulfite ions at physiological pHs. Therefore, it was considered that once ingested, based on their capacity to form sulfite ions, read across between the different sulfite sources is possible; however, the Panel noted the uncertainties about the reactivity of sulfites in different foods and the resulting reaction products. The overall limited database did not indicate any concern for genotoxicity and did not report any effect in the available chronic, carcinogenicity and reprotoxicity studies after oral exposure in the diet, by gavage, or in the drinking water. A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 70 mg SO2 equivalent/kg body weight (bw) per day was identified from a long-term toxicity study in rats. However, the Panel noted several uncertainties and limitations in the database and concluded that the current group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.7 mg SO2 equivalent/kg bw per day (derived using a default uncertainty factor) would remain adequate but should be considered temporary while the database was improved. The Panel recommended that the database and the temporary group ADI should be re-evaluated and noted that the recommended studies could require 5 years for completion. 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