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European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021

2021; Oxford University Press; Volume: 43; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab892

1522-9645

Adam Timmis, Panos Vardas, Nick Townsend, Aleksandra Torbica, Hugo A. Katus, Delphine De Smedt, Chris P Gale, Aldo P. Maggioni, Steffen E. Petersen, Radu Huculeci, Dzianis Kazakiewicz, Víctor de Benito Rubio, Barbara Ignatiuk, Zahra Raisi‐Estabragh, Agnieszka Pawlak, Efstratios Karagiannidis, Roderick W Treskes, Dan Gaiţă, John F. Beltrame, Alex McConnachie, Isabel Bardinet, Ian Graham, Marcus Flather, Perry Elliott, Elías Mossialos, Franz Weidinger, Stephan Achenbach, Lezha Mimoza, Goda Artan, Aurel Demiraj, Mohammed Chettibi, Naima Hammoudi, Katarine Vardanyan, Sergey Pepoyan, Hamayak Sisakian, Douglas S. Scherr, Peter Siostrzonek, Bernhard Metzer, İsah Mustafayev, Tofig Jahangirov, Yasmin Rustamova, N. P. Mitкоvsкаyа, Natalya Shibeka, Valeriy I Stelmashok, Michel De Pauw, Patrizio Lancellotti, Marc J. Claeys, Zumreta Kušljugić, Alen Džubur, Elnur Smajić, Mariya Tokmakova, Vassil Traykov, Davor Miličić, Marijan Pašalić, Saša Pavasović, Theodoros Christodoulides, Ilias Papasavvas, Christos Eftychiou, Aleš Linhart, Miloš Táborský, Martin Hutyra, Jacob Thorsted Sørensen, Mads Jønsson Andersen, Steen Dalby Kristensen, Magdy Abdelhamid, Khaled Shokry, Priit Kampus, Mika Laine, Matti Niemelä, Bernard Iung, Ariel Cohen, Christophe Leclercq, Dali Trapaidze, Kakhaber Etsadashvili, Alexander Aladashvili, Kurt Bestehorn, Stephan Baldus, Andreas M. Zeiher, John Kanakakis, Alexandria Patrianakos, Christina Chrysohoou, Zoltán Csanádi, Dávid Becker, Zoltán Járai, Þórdís Jóna Hrafnkelsdóttir, Vincent Maher, James L. Crowley, Barbra Dalton, Arik Wolak, Eyal Ben‐Assa, Barak Zafrir, Adriano Murrone, Carmen Spaccarotella, Stefano Urbinati, Berkinbayev Salim, Sakhov Orazbek, Abdrakhmanov Ayan, Gani Bajraktari, Docor Afrim Poniku, Erkin М Мirrakhimov, Abilova Saamay, Kalysov Kurban, Andrejs Ērglis, Sanda Jēgere, Iveta Bajāre, Malek Mohammed, Antoine Sarkis, Georges Saadeh, Rimvydas Šlapikas, Tomas Lapinskas, Jelena Čelutkienė, Khaled Ellafi, Fathi El Ghamari, Jean Beissel, Cristiana Banu, Tiziana Felice, Robert G. Xuereb, M Popovici, Dorin Lîsîi, V Rudi, Aneta Bošković, Miroslav Rabrenović, Samir Ztot, Saädia Abir-Khalil, Joan G. Meeder, Albert C. van Rossum, Moniek Elsendoorn, Jorgo Kostov, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Sasko Kedev, Kristin Angel, Ole Christian Mjølstad, Øyvind Bleie, Marek Gierlotka, Rafał Dąbrowski, Piotr Jankowski, Sérgio Bravo Baptista, Jorge Ferreira, Víctor Gil, Elisabeta Bădilă, Dan Gaiţă, Bogdan A. Popescu, Е. V. Shlyakhto, Н. Э. Звартау, Evgenia Kotova, Marina Foscoli, Marco Zavatta, Siniša Stojković, Milorad Tešić, Stefan Juričić, Gabriela Kaliská, Róbert Hatala, Peter Hlivák, Zlatko Fras, Matjaž Bunc, Andrej Pernat, Ángel Cequier, Manuel Anguita, Javier Muñiz, Bengt W. Johansson, Pyotr G. Platonov, David Carballo, Marjam Rüdiger-Stürchler, Felix C. Tanner, Hussam Eddin Shebli, Samer Kabbani, Leïla Abid, Faouzi Addad, Salem Abdessalem, Vedat Aytekın, İlyas Atar, Volodymyr Kovalenko, E. G. Nesukay, Andrew Archbold, Upasana Tayal, Chris Wilkinson, R. D. Kurbanov, Khurshid Fozilov, Mirakhmadjon Mirmaksudov, Daniel Boateng, Ghislain Daval, Ganna Momotyuk, David Sebastiao,

Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

Abstract Aims This report from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas Project updates and expands upon the widely cited 2019 report in presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics for the 57 ESC member countries. Methods and results Statistics pertaining to 2019, or the latest available year, are presented. Data sources include the World Health Organization, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, the World Bank, and novel ESC sponsored data on human and capital infrastructure and cardiovascular healthcare delivery. New material in this report includes sociodemographic and environmental determinants of CVD, rheumatic heart disease, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, left-sided valvular heart disease, the advocacy potential of these CVD statistics, and progress towards World Health Organization (WHO) 2025 targets for non-communicable diseases. Salient observations in this report: (i) Females born in ESC member countries in 2018 are expected to live 80.8 years and males 74.8 years. Life expectancy is longer in high income (81.6 years) compared with middle-income (74.2 years) countries. (ii) In 2018, high-income countries spent, on average, four times more on healthcare than middle-income countries. (iii) The median PM2.5 concentrations in 2019 were over twice as high in middle-income ESC member countries compared with high-income countries and exceeded the EU air quality standard in 14 countries, all middle-income. (iv) In 2016, more than one in five adults across the ESC member countries were obese with similar prevalence in high and low-income countries. The prevalence of obesity has more than doubled over the past 35 years. (v) The burden of CVD falls hardest on middle-income ESC member countries where estimated incidence rates are ∼30% higher compared with high-income countries. This is reflected in disability-adjusted life years due to CVD which are nearly four times as high in middle-income compared with high-income countries. (vi) The incidence of calcific aortic valve disease has increased seven-fold during the last 30 years, with age-standardized rates four times as high in high-income compared with middle-income countries. (vii) Although the total number of CVD deaths across all countries far exceeds the number of cancer deaths for both sexes, there are 15 ESC member countries in which cancer accounts for more deaths than CVD in males and five-member countries in which cancer accounts for more deaths than CVD in females. (viii) The under-resourced status of middle-income countries is associated with a severe procedural deficit compared with high-income countries in terms of coronary intervention, ablation procedures, device implantation, and cardiac surgical procedures. Conclusion Risk factors and unhealthy behaviours are potentially reversible, and this provides a huge opportunity to address the health inequalities across ESC member countries that are highlighted in this report. It seems clear, however, that efforts to seize this opportunity are falling short and present evidence suggests that most of the WHO NCD targets for 2025 are unlikely to be met across ESC member countries.