Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Editorial 2021

2020; Wiley; Volume: 30; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/mec.15759

1365-294X

Loren H. Rieseberg, Emily Warschefsky, Bridget O’Boyle, Pierre Taberlet, Daniel Ortiz‐Barrientos, Nolan C. Kane, Benjamin Sibbett,

Research Data Management Practices

Molecular Ecology continues to be one of the most influential journals in ecology and evolution. It ranks second in overall impact among ecology or evolution journals as measured by Google Scholar's h5-index, which is the h-index for articles published over the past five years. Molecular Ecology also ranks highly among ecology and evolutionary biology journals in the h5-median (third in both disciplines), which is the median number of citations for the articles that make up a journal's h5-index. In terms of Impact Factor (IF), Molecular Ecology ranks 7th out of 50 journals in evolutionary biology according to Clarivate. In our view, the h5-index and h5-median offer more accurate and statistically sound measures of a journal's quality and influence than IFs, which are means and therefore highly sensitive to the inclusion of a handful of very highly cited papers such as computer programs or methods papers. Also, Impact Factors are based on citations over a two-year window only, whereas the h5-index and h5-median measure impact over five years and thus are less prone to yearly fluctuations. The Editorial Board of Molecular Ecology is committed to improving diversity among our authors, editors, reviewers and readers. As we state on the journal homepage, we support Black Lives Matter and stand with those seeking to eliminate racism in science and society. We also have taken several specific actions to support diversity in the journal. We have altered our invitation for reviewers to include a request for suggestions of ‘suitably qualified researchers from underrepresented groups (including women, ethnic minority scientists, scientists with disabilities and other underrepresented groups)’. We are now advertising for Associate Editor vacancies on the journal website and blog, as well as via social media, with the goal of diversifying our editorial board. We also are increasing awareness of articles published in the journal by researchers from underrepresented groups with Perspectives and Molecular Ecology Spotlight Interviews (https://molecularecologyblog.com/). Additionally, a geographic analysis of Special Issue authors was performed to identify any country-level biases in Special Issue authorship, which is worthwhile to study given the often-invited nature of Special Issue contributions. Countries for all authors of Special Issue articles published within the last five years were recorded based on listed author affiliations. The data showed a strong bias towards authors from Europe and North America, and to a lesser extent Australasia (Figure 1). Therefore, we are now opening our special issues to all interested authors via calls on the Molecular Ecology blog, Spotlight (https://molecularecologyblog.com), and via the journals Twitter account (@moleco l). Lastly, we conducted an analysis of article citation patterns in the journal to determine whether there were citation biases towards particular geographic regions. Predictably, recently published articles received fewest citations due to the short time period available for gaining citations (Figure 2). While considerable stochasticity in citation rates was observed, there was little evidence of consistent biases in citations among manuscripts originating from different geographic regions. This implies that journal editors and reviewers are effective at maintaining a consistent quality of manuscripts, regardless of geographic origin, through the review process. The ‘Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization’ is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biodiversity. The aim of the Nagoya Protocol is to ensure that benefits arising from biodiversity are shared equitably (https://www.cbd.int/abs/). The Protocol came into force in 2014 and has been ratified by 127 countries, as well as the European Union. We believe that scientific journals publishing research on biodiversity can contribute importantly to the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol and to the reporting on benefits generated from such research (Marden et al., 2020). Therefore, as of January 2020, Molecular Ecology requires that the research described published in the journal complies with national laws implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and Nagoya Protocol agreements. Authors are required to make an affirmative statement during the submission process as to compliance with national laws, if applicable. We also encourage authors to describe benefits generated commensurate with the Nagoya Protocol as part of an expanded Data Accessibility Statement. Further information on the scope of benefits recognized under the Nagoya Protocol and example statements are provided in Marden et al. (2020). Molecular Ecology was among the first journals in ecology and evolution to mandate public data archiving (Whitlock et al., 2010). We also introduced a ‘Data Accessibility Statement’ at this time (Rieseberg et al., 2011) to make the data archiving more transparent. While these policies have resulted in very high levels of data archiving for Molecular Ecology publications (Vines et al., 2013), the results reported in these studies are not always fully reproducible because data sets are incorrectly described (Gilbert et al., 2012) or lack associated metadata (Pope et al., 2015). GEOME is an open access database (https://geome-db.org/) that offers a partial solution to this problem by establishing permanent links between genetic data and geographic and ecological metadata (Deck et al., 2017). We believe that the use of GEOME by authors of Molecular Ecology will ensure that data published in the journal follow the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) guiding practices (Wilkinson et al., 2016), thereby increasing its value. Thus, we strongly encourage our authors to use GEOME to archive metadata associated with their publications in Molecular Ecology (Sibbett et al., 2020). The social media presence of Molecular Ecology has grown solidly over the past year (Figure 3). With a combination of an active and engaged twitter account (@molecol), and a solidly developed blog, Spotlight (https://molecularecologyblog.com/), the journal has reached a large and diverse audience across the world. @molecol currently has over 3000 followers, and each tweet has been visited around 50 times. The number of twitter followers has had also an impact on visits to Spotlight (Figure 4), which demonstrates a strong social link between them. The main activities in the social media continue to be the dissemination of major findings published in Molecular Ecology and Molecular Ecology Resources, informative interviews with our authors and more recently the beginning of video interviews about special initiatives. This is possible thanks to the outstanding contributions of the Junior Editorial Board (JEB). Our JEB is comprised of eight outstanding early career molecular ecologists (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/1365294x/homepage/editorialboard.html), who have been highly active over the past year, contributing over 110 blog posts (visited more than 16,000 times) and more than 250 tweets (visited over 12,000 times), which have grown interest in the work published by our authors. The 2020 Molecular Ecology Prize has been awarded to Dr. Victoria Sork, Distinguished Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Dean of Life Sciences and Director of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden at University of California Los Angeles. Throughout her career, Dr. Sork has made substantial and diverse scientific contributions to the field of molecular ecology—from working to build the foundation of landscape genetics, to pioneering the use of molecular markers in tracking plant dispersal, to unravelling the genomic and epigenomic basis of climate adaptation in nonmodel organisms. With well over 100 publications, she has proven herself to be a preeminent scholar in her field for decades, while serving as a role model and mentor for many early career scientists, and as a continual advocate for increasing diversity and inclusion in STEM. The Molecular Ecology Prize is awarded annually to ‘an outstanding scientist who has made significant contributions to molecular ecology’, as selected by an independent award committee. A biography of Dr. Sork and her contributions to the field of molecular ecology can be found on pages 26–29 of this issue. The Harry Smith Prize recognizes the best paper published in Molecular Ecology in the previous year by graduate students or early career scholars with no more than five years of postdoctoral or fellowship experience. The winner of the 2020 Harry Smith Prize is Dr. Katrina West for her paper 'eDNA metabarcoding survey reveals fine-scale coral reef community variation across a remote, tropical island ecosystem' (West et al., 2020). Her study demonstrated the power of using multiple metabarcoding markers to identify biodiversity across different trophic groups in a coral reef atoll. Dr. West and the two runners-up for the Harry Smith Prize (Drs. Alison Nazareno and Elin Videvall) have joined our JEB as part of the prize. Dr. Nazareno's study tested Wallace's Riverine barrier hypothesis using a landscape genomic approach (Nazareno et al., 2019), whereas Dr. Videvall documented large changes in the gut microbiome during ostrich development (Videvall et al., 2020). The prize is named after Professor Harry Smith FRS, who founded the journal and served as both its Chief and Managing Editor during the journal's critical early years. He continued as the journal's Managing Editor until 2008, and went out of his way to encourage early career scholars. As in past years, we are grateful to our many referees, who are listed at the end of this editorial, for the contribution of their time to the journal and to the discipline. Because there is no scientific society for molecular ecologists, we have tried to provide an intellectual home for the molecular ecology community. This includes our social platform (Molecular Ecology Spotlight; see above), which focuses on research published in Molecular Ecology and Molecular Ecology Resources, our News and Views section, special issues, reviews and so forth. We also support the Molecular Ecologist blog (http://www.molecularecologist.com/), which covers research and news reported in venues beyond Molecular Ecology, and with an eye to the interests of people who are not necessarily experts in the field. Lastly, we use our annual editorial to highlight scientific advances published over the past year in the journal (below). The journal publishes News and Views Perspectives to highlight noteworthy articles that are of interest to a broad audience. From these pieces, a few particularly prescient papers are selected as From the Cover manuscripts. The fifteen From the Cover articles published in 2020 focused on topics that reflect the innovative molecular ecology happening today. Among the From the Cover articles this year, many shared the theme of adaptation, exploring the phenomenon through different lenses and across evolutionary timescales. Studies of adaptation to urban environments have provided classic examples of contemporary evolution (e.g. the textbook case of peppered moths). A From the Cover manuscript by Mueller et al. (2020) showcased an exceptionally interesting instance of urban colonization by South American burrowing owls. Using whole-genome resequencing data from four populations over a nine-year time period, the authors were able to identify genetic changes associated with urbanization. Notably, in each population, the authors found signals of selection for genes associated with neurological changes and functionality. As pointed out in a perspective by Garroway and Schmidt (2020), such parallel evolution of traits is indicative of the importance of brain processes in adaptation to urban environments. Improved sequencing techniques and lower sequencing costs are allowing an increasingly fine-scale understanding of the links between ecology, adaptation and genomic variation beyond the level of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Chromosomal inversions have been shown, both in theory and in practice, to enable differentiation of locally adapted populations. In a From the Cover article by Huang et al. (2020), RAD-seq data were used to identify chromosomal inversions in two ecotypes of prairie sunflower. The authors first used a novel combination of population genomic analyses to identify seven putative inversions across the genome, then, using genome–environment association analyses, identified key environmental variables associated with the inverted regions. In the corresponding perspective, Mérot (2020) emphasized that Huang et al.’s work demonstrates how studies of structural variation can now be conducted in a wide array of nonmodel organisms, which will inevitably improve our understanding of the prevalence and importance of inversions in evolutionary processes. Understanding how and whether standing genetic and phenotypic variation within populations allows for adaptation to new environments is an increasingly relevant issue given predicted climatic changes. A From the Cover article by Harder et al. (2020) examined the adaptive ability of a threatened population of Atlantic salmon that suffers from thiamine deficiency in its native environment, Lake Champlain. The authors cleverly coupled controlled crosses, survival studies and transcriptomics to identify putatively adaptive genes associated with among-family variation in survival under thiamine-deficient conditions. Meek (2020) noted in the accompanying perspective that the work of Harder et al. (2020) highlights how combining data types can provide remarkable clarity on the links between phenotype, genotype and adaptation to stressful conditions. In another From the Cover article, vonHoldt et al. (2020) capitalized on a rich data set from the long-term monitoring of reintroduced populations of North American grey wolves in Yellowstone National Park. By coupling decades of uniquely valuable behavioural observations with pedigree information, the authors were able to provide an unprecedented understanding of the heritability of interpack aggression. As Schell (2020) observed in a perspective on the work, this innovative approach not only sheds light on the genetic basis of aggression, but also elucidates how factors such as density dependence maintain diversity in aggressive behaviour in natural populations. Two of this year's From the Cover manuscripts examined disease ecology through contrasting lenses. Pathogenic chytrid fungi, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans, have caused a precipitous decline in global amphibian biodiversity. As B. salamandrivorans begins to spread into new geographic regions, the ways in which these two closely related pathogens interact within a single host will dictate the fate of still more amphibian species. In a From the Cover article, McDonald et al. (2020) used differential gene expression to understand how immune responses of eastern newts are impacted by co-infection with both chytrid species. Their results suggest the co-infection could be even more deadly than infection by either pathogen alone, casting an ominous shadow over the future of species that are susceptible to both chytrid species. Studies of pathogen diversity typically focus on differentiation within a single pathogen across multiple host species. In contrast, in a From the Cover article, Bergner et al. (2020) examined disease ecology from the novel perspective of community composition of viruses themselves. The authors use the innovative approach of combining metagenomic sequencing with comparative ecology across multiple populations of a single host species, vampire bats. By doing so, Wille (2020) noted in a perspective on the work, Bergner et al. (2020) shed light on factors of host ecology that affect the structure, diversity and richness of viral communities. In the past few decades, our understanding of the fascinating mutualistic symbiosis between ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) and tree species has greatly expanded, and we now know that EMF networks facilitate carbon transfer between both conspecific and more distantly related individuals. In an effort to better understand the dynamics of mycorrhizal carbon transfer, a From the Cover article by Rog et al. (2020) examined patterns of EMF–host associations in four tree species. While neither tree species nor EMF showed specificity in their symbiotic associations, the authors found evidence that suggests that community composition of EMF varies with phylogenetic distance of the hosts, suggesting more closely related host species share a larger number of EMF taxa and therefore likely more carbon. Some of the From the Cover articles published in 2020 explored historical and contemporary drivers of biodiversity. A From the Cover manuscript by Kopuchian et al. (2020) took aim at testing whether the riverine barrier hypothesis could explain population differentiation of seven bird species in the subtropical Parana–Paraguay River basin. Using mitochondrial and nuclear data, the authors showed that, in this case, the river does not serve as a geographic barrier to gene flow for the majority of species. Instead, as Naka and Pil (2020) suggest in their corresponding perspective piece, other forces such as adaptation to different ecoregions must be driving the diversification of species in this system. Hybridization has important evolutionary implications, particularly when it occurs between common and rare taxa. In an effort to disentangle the history of hybridization between a critically endangered species of poison frog (Oophaga lehmanni) and its more common congener (O. anchicayensis), Ebersbach et al. (2020) examined patterns of genetic and phenotypic diversity. Despite concerns that the three hybrid populations identified may have been the result of recent wildlife trafficking activity, the authors provided convincing evidence that shows these populations are not of recent origin. Instead, as Springer and Gompert (2020) note, these genotypically and phenotypically distinct lineages have persisted through time, providing yet another example of the power of hybridization to generate novel evolutionary lineages. Endemic island species have often undergone significant genetic bottlenecks, and the maintenance of genetic diversity is of critical importance to the survival of these taxa. In a From the Cover article, Stervander et al. (2020) examined the diversity of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) genes in one such critically endangered songbird. Surprisingly, the authors did not find an effect of MHC-I diversity on mate choice or survival. Instead, despite low population-level diversity of MHC-I genes, Stervander et al. (2020) show that the multicopy nature of MHC-I allows for the maintenance of high levels of within-individual allelic diversity. As MacDougall-Shackleton (2020) points out, these results demonstrate how gene duplication events can have important long-term evolutionary consequences. Ecological specialization is commonly cited as the primary driver of differentiation in cases of sympatric speciation. In a From the Cover article, Raffini et al. (2020) sought to connect the distinct morphologies of a benthic/limnetic species pair of Nicaraguan cichlids to performance and niche partitioning. The authors identified key differences in swimming performance, metabolism/physiology and gene expression that segregate between the sister taxa, suggesting that these traits have been involved in the adaptation of these species to their respective environments. A pair of From the Cover manuscripts explored the historical demography of fauna during the Pleistocene. Using mitochondrial genomes from both modern and ancient specimens, Loog et al. (2020) shed light on the population history of Grey wolves. The authors used spatially and temporally explicit modelling to show that, despite continuously occupying a broad range or the Northern Hemisphere, wolves appear to have undergone a severe population bottleneck at the end of the last glacial maximum. This contraction was followed by the expansion of a single Beringian population, from which all modern wolves (as well as domesticated dogs) descended. In a similar vein, a From the Cover manuscript by de Jong et al. (2020) explored the interplay between historical demography, genetic drift and natural selection in roe deer (Capreolus spp.), which diversified during the Pleistocene. The authors analysed ddRAD data and reference genomes for the two extant species of roe deer using phylogenetic, coalescent and population genetic frameworks to gain an in-depth understanding of the evolutionary history of this genus. Their results show that, despite repeated bottlenecks during the Pleistocene and low effective population size, signatures of natural selection can be found within the roe deer genome, including at sites associated with the (rather odd) reproductive trait of embryonic diapause. Telomeres are classically discussed in terms of their relevance to the ageing process. However, as pointed out in a perspective by Seeker (2020), there is inconsistent evidence about how telomere length correlates with ageing in vivo. In a From the Cover manuscript, Foley et al. (2020) investigated the key drivers of telomere length in the bat species Myotis myotis. Examining a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the authors found no association between telomere length and age, but instead revealed that in this species, telomere shortening is correlated with harsh weather conditions such as wind speed, rainfall and temperature. Foley et al.’s work supports the idea that in some species, telomere length may be predominantly impacted by environmental factors. Finally, an important From the Cover article by Booker et al. (2020) draws attention to a critical shortcoming in genome scan methods that are widely used to identify signatures of local adaptation and selection, among other things. Using simulated and empirical data, the authors demonstrate how, even under neutral conditions, variation in recombination rates across the genome affects the sampling distributions of mean FST (as well as other commonly used statistics). Notably, regions of low recombination have long right-handed tails, equating to higher numbers of ‘outlier’ regions, while areas of high recombination have short right-handed tails. Therefore, genome scans may falsely identify low recombining regions, while areas of high recombination that may have important signals of selection can be overlooked. As Stevison and McGaugh (2020) write in the accompanying perspective, Booker et al.’s work shows that the impacts of variation in recombination rates across the genome can no longer be ignored. Our invited reviews are intended to cover topics that represent important future directions, are a valuable resource for the molecular ecology community and provide material for courses and discussion groups. On behalf of the community, we would like to thank the many authors who took considerable time to compile these syntheses. In 2020, we published five invited reviews that are highlighted below: This year's Molecular Ecology issues included six Opinions, on a diversity of subjects. The usage of terminology surrounding Environmental DNA was clarified, with key recommendations for future use (Pawlowski et al., 2020). Environmental DNA was also proposed as a key underutilized resource for studying hybrid zones (Stewart & Taylor, 2020). Additional uses were also proposed for low-coverage whole-genome shotgun sequencing, with important advantages over single-locus DNA barcoding identified in identifying unknown biological samples (Bohmann et al., 2020). Several of these Opinions re-examined existing approaches to population and landscape genetics. Lefèvre and Gallais (2020) identified common errors in the use of Nei's decomposition to partition genetic variation into within and population components. Cullingham et al. (2020) show that common approaches incorrectly conclude K = 2 when evaluating the number of populations based on a STRUCTURE analysis, and provide guidance for correctly analysing and interpreting these results. Finally, Peterman and Pope (2020) discuss the correct use of regression models for landscape genetics and identify important potential errors in using these approaches. A Comment re-examined published data (Dziedzic et al., 2019) to show that coral bleaching has significantly different effects depending on the coral genotype (Gómez-Corrales & Prada, 2020). In another Comment, a clear signal for sex-specific selection in humans was shown not to be an artefact (Cheng & Kirkpatrick, 2020). We hope this editorial not only provides information on some of the editorial issues we are grappling with at the journal, but also conveys our excitement about some of the amazing work being published in Molecular Ecology. We also want to thank our many readers, authors, reviewers and editors. The journal would not exist without your support. Please keep sending us your best work! We are extremely grateful to our many reviewers who have contributed their time to journal. The following list contains people who reviewed articles for Molecular Ecology between 1 October 2010 and 30 September 2020. Abbott, Jessica Abrego, Nerea Ackiss, Amanda Adams, Jonathan Adams, Rachel Adrion, Jeffrey Agashe, Deepa Agler, Matthew Aguirre-Liguori, Jonas Ahrens, Collin Aihartza, Joxerra Aivelo, Tuomas Aizpurua Arrieta, Ostaizka Alali, Sumer Alberdi, Antton Albornoz, Felipe Albrecht, Tomas Alexander, Alana Allen, Geraldine Allen, Jonathan Alonso, Conchita Altermatt, Florian Alvarez, Mariano Alvarez, Nadir Alverson, Andrew Alves, Paulo Amend, Anthony Anderson, Craig Anderson, Eric Anderson, James André, Carl Andrello, Marco Andres, Kara Andrew, Samuel Andrews, Kimberly Andrews, Lela Angelier, Frédéric Angert, Amy Anthony, Mark Araki, Hitoshi Aranda Lastra, Manuel Arct, Aneta Argolo, Leandro Arjona , Yurena Arnedo, Miquel Aronson, Heidi Arranz , Vanessa Arrigoni, Roberto Artemov, Artem Asgari, Sassan Asselman, Jana Astudillo-Garcia, Maria del Carmen Aubin-Horth, Nadia Auteri, Giorgia Avery, Brian Avia, Komlan Ayayee, Paul Aylagas, Eva Baalsrud, Helle Bacela-Spychalska, Karolina Backstrom, Niclas Badet, Thomas Baetscher, Diana Bagley, Mark Bagley, Robin Bahram, Mohammad Bai, Wei-Ning Bailey, Richard Baird, Stuart Bakovic, Vid Balbuena, Juan-Antonio Baldassarre, Daniel Bálint, Miklós Balke, Michael Ballinger, Matthew Balmonte, John Paul Bankers, Laura Banks, Michael Barbosa, Soraia Barnes, Christopher Barnes, Matthew Barratt, Christopher Barreto, Felipe Barrett, Rowan Barshis, Daniel Barson, Nicola Barth, Julia Baskett, Marissa Bass, Chris Bastida, Felipe Batalha-Filho, Henrique Bauch, Christina Baums, Iliana Baxter, Simon Bazzicalupo, Anna Bechsgaard, Jesper Becker, Claude Becker, Daniel Beckman, Elizabeth Bedford, Nicole Begun, David Beheregaray, Luciano Bei, Amy Beja, Pedro Bekkevold, Dorte Bell, Alison Bell, Karen L Bell, Rayna Bellemain, Eva Bellinger, Renee Belmaker, Amos Bemmels, Jordan Benavides, Edgar Bennett, Gordon Benucci, Marco Benvenuto, Chiara Berdan, Emma Bergeron, Patrick Bergland, Alan Bergman, Juraj Bernal, Moises Bernardi, Giacomo Berner, Daniel Berninger, Ulrike Berry, Oliver Bertorelle, Giorgio Bertrand, Joris Bertucci, Anthony Bessey, Cindy Bessho-Uehara, Manabu Bestion, Elvire Beukeboom, Leo Bidartondo, Martin Bieri, Tamaki Bilde, Trine Billerman, Shawn Bilodeau, Guillaume Birol, Inanc Bitter, Mark Bize, Pierre Blackman, Benjamin Blackman, Rosetta Blair, Christopher Blischak, Paul Bloch, Guy Bloch, Natasha Blumenstiel, Justin Bobay, Louis-Marie Bobo, Dean Bocedi, Greta Bodelier, Paul Bohling, Justin Boissinot, Stephane Bond, Jason Bono, Jeremy Booker, Tom Boomsma, Jacobus Boon, Eva Boonekamp, Jelle Boratyński, Zbyszek Borneman, Anthony Borrell, James Bors, Eleanor Bose, Aneesh Bothwell, Helen Botton, Mark Boughman, Janette Boulding, Elizabeth Bourgeois, Yann Bourguignon, Thomas Bowen, Brian Boyd, Bret Braasch, Joseph Bradbury, Ian Braeutigam, Katharina Bragg, Jason G. Branca, Antoine Brand, Philipp Brandl, Simon Brandvain, Yaniv Brelsford, Alan Brennan, Reid Breton, Timothy Brochmann, Christian Brook, Cara E. Brown, Richard Browne, Luke Brunetti, Andrés Brüniche-Olsen, Anna Bryja, Josef Brzosko, Emilia Bucklin, Ann Buffalo, Vincent Bull, James Bunnefeld, Lynsey Burford Reiskind, Martha Burgaud, Gaetan Burke, Molly Burny, Claire Burri, Reto Burrowes, Patricia Burstin, Judith Burzyński, Artur Butlin, Roger Buttstedt, Anja Buzatti, Renata Bylemans, Jonas Byrne, Maria Caballero, Armando Cade, Brian Cadena, Carlos Daniel Cahill, Abigail Cahill, James Callahan, Benjamin Cambon, Marine Cammen, Kristina Campagna, Leonardo Campbell, Lewis Campillo, Luke Canals, Oriol Canestrelli, Daniele Cañizares, Joaquín Capblancq, Thibaut Card, Daren C. Carlier, Jean Carlon, David Carpi, Giovanna Carraro, Luca Carter, javan Carvalho, Carolina Castillo Vardaro, Jessica Castric, Vincent Catchen, Julian Cayol, Claire Cayuela, Hugo Champer , Jackson Chan, Cheong Xin Chan, Kin Onn Chapman, Mark Chapuisat, Michel Charbonnel, Natalie Charlesworth, Brian Charlesworth, Jane Chaturvedi, Samridhi Chaulk, Andrew Chaves, Jaime Cheeke, Tanya Chen, Jia-hui Chen, Nancy Chenuil, Anne Chhatre, Vikram Chiel, Elad Choi, Jae Young Choleva, Lukáš Chomicki, Guillaume Christaki, Urania Christe, Philippe Christian, Natalie Christie, Mark Christmas, Matthew Chui, Elliott Chwedorzewska, Katarzyna Chybicki, Igor Claar, Danielle Clark, Rulon Clarke, Laurence J. Clayton, David Clements, Kendall Cleves, Phillip Colgan, Thomas Collevatti, Rosane Collins, Michael D. Colpitts, Julie Colston, Timothy Comeault, Aaron Con