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Scientific Opinion on sheep and goat pox

2014; Wiley; Volume: 12; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3885

1831-4732

Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology

EFSA JournalVolume 12, Issue 11 3885 OpinionOpen Access Scientific Opinion on sheep and goat pox EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, EFSA Panel on Animal Health and WelfareSearch for more papers by this author EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, EFSA Panel on Animal Health and WelfareSearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 November 2014 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3885Citations: 10 Panel members: Edith Authie, Charlotte Berg, Anette Bøtner, Howard Browman, Aline De Koeijer, Klaus Depner, Mariano Domingo, Christian Ducrot, Sandra Edwards, Christine Fourichon, Frank Koenen, Simon More, Mohan Raj, Liisa Sihvonen, Hans Spoolder, Jan Arend Stegeman, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Ivar Vågsholm, Antonio Velarde, Preben Willeberg and Stéphan Zientara. Correspondence: alpha@efsa.europa.eu Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on sheep and goat pox: Tsviatko Alexandrov, Aline De Koeijer, Dimitrios Dilaveris, Mariano Domingo, Simon Gubbins, Arjan Stegeman, Eeva Tuppurainen for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion and EFSA staff: Alessandro Broglia, Josè Cortinhas, Anna Zuliani, Olaf Mosbach-Schulz, Andrey Gogin, Justyna Jaskiewicz, Matthew Watts and Andrea Gervelmeyer for the support provided to this scientific opinion. Adoption date: 22 October 2014 Published date: 13 November 2014 Question number: EFSA-Q-2013-00918 On request from: European Commission AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Sheep pox (SPP) and goat pox (GTP) are viral diseases of sheep and goats characterised by severe losses, especially in naive animals. SPP and GTP are endemic in many African, Middle Eastern and Asian countries, with recurrent epidemics in Greece and Bulgaria, as in 2013-2014. The main mode of SPP/GTP transmission is direct contact between animals, but, since the virus can survive in the environment, indirect transmission may also occur through fomites such as human movement, vehicles, wildlife and trade of hides when insufficiently treated. According to a model developed to evaluate the spread of SPP, the probability of spread of the infection in south-eastern Europe is <1 %, while, if introduced in the Iberian Peninsula, the probability that SPP would spread is more than 50 %. The long-term survival of the SPP virus in the environment enhances the likelihood of SPP endemicity; however, this can be reduced by extensive cleaning and disinfection, and with a waiting period before re-stocking culled herds. Early detection and notification, prompt movement restriction of animals, an extension of duration and size of the protection zone and culling affected herds, based on clinical signs, are effective and time-saving control measures recommended by the AHAW Panel. Only live attenuated vaccines are available for SPP/GTP, which are not licensed within the EU and without principle for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals. The AHAW Panel recommends further investigation of potential SPP/GTP transmission through arthropods and wildlife, the survival of SPP/GTP viruses in grazing sites and in animal feed and hides and the development of inactivated vaccines. Sentinel animals could be used prior to re-stocking culled herds. Awareness-raising campaigns for farmers and veterinary staff to promote recognition of the disease should be considered. The cooperation of EU with neighbouring countries should be encouraged to prevent transboundary disease spread. 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