Voltar
Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares
BIBTEX RIS

Risk assessment of the oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus for the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options

2010; Wiley; Volume: 8; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1619

ISSN

1831-4732

Tópico(s)

Forest Insect Ecology and Management

Resumo

EFSA JournalVolume 8, Issue 6 1619 OpinionOpen Access Risk assessment of the oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus for the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH)Search for more papers by this author EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH)Search for more papers by this author First published: 17 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1619Citations: 16 Panel members: Richard Baker, Thierry Candresse, Erzsébet Dormannsné Simon, Gianni Gilioli, Jean-Claude Grégoire, Michael John Jeger, Olia Evtimova Karadjova, Gábor Lövei, David Makowski, Charles Manceau, Maria Navajas, Angelo Porta Puglia, Trond Rafoss, Vittorio Rossi, Jan Schans, Gritta Schrader, Gregor Urek, Johan Coert Van Lenteren, Irene Vloutoglou, Stephan Winter and Marina Zlotina Correspondence: [email protected] Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Dryocosmus kuriphilus for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion: Richard Baker, Marco Conedera, György Csóka, Gianni Gilioli, Jean-Claude Grégoire, Olia Evtimova Karadjova, Gábor Lövei, Gritta Schrader, Johan Coert Van Lenteren, and EFSA's staff members Sharon Cheek, Francesca Riolo and Sara Tramontini for the support provided to this scientific opinion. The working group would also like to thank Roberto Botta (University of Turin - Department of Arboriculture and Pomology), Ambra Quacchia (University of Turin - Di.Va.P.R.A), Gabrijel Seljak (Laboratory for Entomology, Chamber for Agriculture and Forestry of Slovenia), Jean-Claude Streito (Laboratoire national de la protection des végétaux, Montpellier), for information provided Adoption date: 11 May 2010 Published date: 17 June 2010 Question number: EFSA-Q-2009-00678 On request from: European Commission AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract The Panel on Plant Health was requested by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on the risk posed by the oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus to the EU territory and to identify and evaluate risk management options. Additional analyses were conducted by the Panel to a) determine the distribution of the endangered area within the EU territory; b) investigate the pattern and rate of pest diffusion and c) consider the environmental risk of introduction of the biological control agent Torymus sinensis identified as a potential management option. The Panel concluded in its assessment that a) Castanea plants for intended planting represent the main pathway for entry of D. kuriphilus to the EU; b) D. kuriphilus has a very high potential for establishment in the EU and the climate is suitable wherever Castanea sativa is grown in southern, central and western Europe; c) the average rate of spread of D. kuriphilus is estimated as 8 km/yr; d) spread within the EU is likely, due to adult dispersal by flight and the movement of plants containing eggs and larvae which remain undetected within dormant buds; e) the potential effects on fruit yield reduction are considered moderate and the environmental impact in Castanea woodland is considered as low; f) all EU chestnut production is endangered but the areas of fruit production with the highest degree day accumulations where D. kuriphilus is absent, e.g. in northern Portugal, northern Spain and south-west France, are identified as particularly at risk; g) management options to reduce likelihood of introduction and spread consist of certifying Castanea planting material from pest free areas/places of production; h) classical biological control and plant varietal resistance are identified as management options to reduce the magnitude of impact. References Abe Y, Melika G and Stone GN, 2007. The diversity and phylogeography of cynipid gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of the Eastern Palearctic and their associated communities. Oriental Insect, 41, 169– 212. Ács Z, Melika G, Pénzes Z, Pujade-Villar J and Stone GN, 2007. The phylogenetic relationships between Dryocosmus, Chilaspis and allied genera of oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Cynipini). Systematic Entomology, 32, 70– 80. Aebi A, Schönrogge K, Melika G, Alma A, Bosio G, Quacchia A, Picciau L, Abe Y, Moriya S, Yara K, Seljak G and Stone GN, 2006. Parasitoid Recruitment to the Globally Invasive Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. Galling Arthropods and Their Associates, 103– 121. Aebi A, Schönrogge K, Melika G, Quacchia A, Alma A and Stone GN, 2007. Native and introduced parasitoids attacking the invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. EPPO Bulletin 37, 166– 171. Anagnostakis SL, 1998. Chestnut research in Connecticut: breeding and biological control SL – II International Symposium on Chestnut, 494, 391– 394. Anagnostakis SL, 2001. The Effect of Multiple Importations of Pests and Pathogens on a Native Tree. Biological Invasions, 3 (3), 245– 254. Bernetti G, 1995. Selvicoltura speciale. Torino, UTET, 415 pp. Bosio G, 2003. EPPO PRA scheme – Dryocosmus kuriphilus. 03–9957 PPM Point 7.11. Bosio G, Gerbaudo C and Piazza E, 2010. Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu: an outline seven years after the first report in Piedmont (Italy). Proceedings of the Japan-Italy joint international symposium "A Global Serious Pest of Chestnut Trees, Dryocosmus kuriphilus : Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow", Tsukuba, Japan, November 24–25, 2009, 3– 13. Botta R, Beccaro G, Sartor C and Bounous G, 2008. New challenges for the development of the chestnut cultivation. Italus Hortus, 15(3), 32– 39. Bounous G, 2002. Il castagno. Coltura, ambiente ed utilizzazioni in Italia e nel mondo. Bologna, Edagricole. Bounous G, 2009. Italy. In: Following Chestnut Footprints (Castanea spp.). Cultivation and Culture, Folklore and History, Traditions and Uses. Eds D Avanzato. Scripta Horticulturae, 9, 72– 84. Bounous G, Paglietta R, Bellini E and Craddock JH, 1995. Il miglioramento genetico del castagno: situazione, obiettivi e metodi. Rivista di Frutticoltura, 11, 63– 73. Boutte B, 2009. Organismes envahissants en forêt – Bilan des plans de surveillance 2009. Département de la santé des forêts, Pole interrégional Sud – Est. Information technique, 65, 5– 6. Breisch H and Streito JC, 2004. Le cynips du châtaignier : un nouveau fléau pour l'Europe. Infos CTIFL (Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes), 204, 34– 37. Brussino G, Bosio G, Baudino M, Giordano R, Ramello F and Melika G, 2002. Pericoloso insetto esotico per il castagno europeo. Informatore agrario, 37, 59– 61. CAB International, 2007. Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Last modified: 09/05/2007. Crop Protection Compendium, 2007 Edition. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2007. Conedera M, Manetti MC, Giudici F and Amorini E, 2004a. Distribution and economic potential of the Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Europe. Ecologia mediterranea, 30, 179– 193 Conedera M, Krebs P, Tinner W, Pradella M and Torriani D, 2004b. The cultivation of Castanea sativa (Mill.) in Europe, from its origin to its diffusion on a continental scale. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 13, 161– 179. Cooper WR and Rieske LK, 2007a. Community associates of an exotic gallmaker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), in Eastern North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100 (2), 236– 244. Cooper WR and Rieske LK, 2007b. Review of the historic and current status of the Asian chestnut gall wasp in North America. Journal of the American chestnut Foundation, 21 (2), 26– 32 Csóka G, Stone GN and Melika G, 2005. The biology, ecology and evolution of gall wasps. In: Biology, ecology and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods. Eds A Raman, CW Schaeffer and TM Withers. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire, USA, 573– 642. Csóka G, Wittmann F and Melika G, 2009. The oriental sweet chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilusYasumatsu 1951) in Hungary. Növényvédelem, 45 (7), 359– 360. Dimitrova V, 2008. Floristic studies on the communities of the common chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the region of Slavyanka Mountain. Proceedings of the Anniversary Scientific Conference of Ecology, November 2008, Plovdiv, 55– 65. Dixon WN, Burns RE, Stange LA, 1986. Oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Entomology Circular No. 287; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), 2010. Guidance on a harmonised framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options by EFSA. EFSA Journal 2010; 8(2):1495, 66 pp. EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) Rse (Reporting Service), RS 2003/061, 2003/127, 2004/100, 2006/027, 2006/101, 2007/086, 2008/024, 2008/097, 2009/107, 2009/108, 2009/175. EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization), 2005. Data sheets on quarantine pests – Dryocosmus kuriphilus. EPPO Bulletin 35 (3), 422– 424. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 2002. Inventory of chestnut research, germplasm and references. Eds FAO, Rome, Italy, 186 pp. Fenaroli, L. 1945. Il castagno – Trattato di agricoltura. Eds Reda, Roma, 222 pp. Fernández-López J and Alía R, 2003. EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for genetic conservation and use for chestnut (Castanea sativa). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy, 6 pp. Glushkova M, 2004. Genetic resources of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Bulgaria. Forest Science, 4, 13– 25. Glushkova M, 2007. Variation in quantitative traits of bark in sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations from Belasitsa and Western Balkan Mt. Forest Science, 2, 27– 39. Gondard H, Romane F, Grandjanny M, Li J and Aronson J, 2001. Plant species diversity changes in abandoned chestnut (Castanea sativa) groves in southern France. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10, 189– 207. Graziosi I and Santi F, 2008. Chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus): spreading in Italy and new records in Bologna province. Bulletin of Insectology, 61, 343– 348. Gyoutoku Y and Uemura M, 1985. Ecology and biological control of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). 1. Damage and parasitization in Kumamoto Prefecture. Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu, 31, 213– 215. IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention), 1995. ISPM (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures) No.4: Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas. Eds FAO, Rome, Italy. IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention), 1999. ISPM (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures) No. 10: Requirements for the establishment of pest free places of production and pest free production sites. Eds FAO, Rome, Italy. IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention), 2007. ISPM (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures) No. 5: Glossary of phytosanitary terms. Eds FAO, Rome, Italy. Jaksa J, 2006. Situation with Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Slovenia. Proceedings of the EPPO Workshop on Dryocosmus kuriphilus Cuneo (IT), 2006-06-26/28. Kato K and Hijii N, 1993. Optimal clutch size of the chestnut gall-wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Researches on Population Ecology, 35 (1), 1– 14. Kato K and Hijii N, 1997. Effects of gall formation by Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hym., Cynipidae) on the growth of chestnut trees. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 121, 9– 15. Kim MJ, Lee U, Byun KO and Lee M, 2008. A new late-ripening large-nut indigenous Korean chestnut cultivar, Mipung. HortScience, 43, 1918– 1919. Knapi&ccar; V, Seljak G and Kol&scar;ek M, 2009. Eradication campaign against oriental chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Slovenia. EPPO Workshop on Eradication, Containment and Contingency planning, 20– 22. Kotobuki K, Machida Y, Sato Y, Kajiura I and Kozono T, 1984. Genetics of the resistance to Dryocosmus kuriphilus, harvest date, mean nut weight and the characteristics of selected clones of chestnut: results of the fourth chestnut breeding programme. Bulletin of the Fruit Tree Research Station, Japan, A (Yatabe), 11, 43– 53. Kottek M, Grieser J, Beck C, Rudolf B and Rubel F, 2006. World map of Köppen- Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15, 259– 263. Magarey RD, Borchert DM and Schlegel JW, 2008. Global plant hardiness zones for phytosanitary risk analysis. Scientia Agricola, 65, 54– 59. Martín MA, Moral A, Martín LM and Alvarez JB, 2007. The genetic resources of European sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) in Andalusia, Spain. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 54, 379– 387. Moriya S, Shiga M and Adachi I, 2003. Classical biological control of the chestnut gall wasp in Japan. Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on biological control of arthropods. USDA Forest Service, Washington, 407– 415. Murakami Y, 1981. The parasitoids of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Japan and the introduction of a promising natural enemy from China (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, 25, 167– 174. Murakami Y, Hiramatsu T and Maeda M, 1994. Parasitoid complexes of the chestnut gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in two localities before Introduction of Torymus (Syntomaspis) sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), with special reference to prediction of results after release of the parasitoid. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 38 (1), 29– 41. Murakami Y, Ohkubo N, Moriya S, Gyoutoku Y, Kim C-H and Kim J-K, 1995. Parasitoids of Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in South Korea with particular reference to ecologically different types of Torymus (Syntomaspis) sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 30, 277– 284. Murakami Y, Umeya K and Oho N, 1977. A preliminary introduction and release of a parasitoid (Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Cynipidae) from China. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 21, 197– 203. New M, Lister D, Hulme M and Makin I, 2002. A high-resolution data set of surface climate over global land areas. Climate Research, 21, 1– 25. O'Rourke E, 2006. Changes in agriculture and the environment in an upland region of the Massif Central, France. Environmental Science and Policy, 9, 370– 375. Oho N and Shimura I, 1970. Research process on the chestnut gall wasp and some recent problems about its damage. Shokubutsu Boeki (Plant Protection), 24, 421– 427. Ôtake A, 1980. Chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): a preliminary study on trend of adult emergence and some other ecological aspects related to the final stage of its life cycle. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 15, 96– 105. Ôtake A, 1989. Chestnut Gall Wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): analyses of records on cell contents inside galls and on emergence of wasps and parasitoids outside galls. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 24, 193– 201. Ôtake A, Shiga M and Moriya S, 1982. A study on parasitism of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), by parasitoids indigenous to Japan. Bulletin of the Fruit Tree Research Station, A9, 177– 192. Payne JA, 1978. Oriental chestnut gall wasp: new nut pest in North America. Proceedings of the American Chestnut Symposium. West Virginia University Press, Morgantown, WV (US), 86– 88. Payne JA, 1981. Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp in North America. In Proceedings of American Chestnut Cooperators' Meeting. US Forest Service, Broomall, PA, 14. Payne JA, Jaynes RA and Kays SJ, 1983. Chinese chestnut production in the United States: Practice, problems, and possible solutions. Economic Botany, 37 (2), 187– 200. Payne JA, Menke AS and Schroeder PM, 1975. Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), an Oriental chestnut gall wasp in North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 25, 903– 905. Quacchia A, Moriya S, Bosio G, Scapin G and Alma A, 2007. Rearing, release and settlement prospect in Italy of Torymus sinensis, the biological control agent of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. BioControl, 53, 829– 839. Quacchia A, Moriya S, Cuttini D and Alma A, 2008. Four years experience in classical biological control of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Europe (5–29). 5th European Conference on Biological Invasions. Rieske LK, 2007. Success of an exotic gallmaker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, on chestnut in the USA: a historical account. OEPP/EPPO, Bulletin 37, 172– 174. Romane F, Gondard H, Grandjanny M, Grossmann A, Renaux A and Shater Z, 2001. Measuring and managing plant species diverstity in the chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) ecosystems of the Cévennes. Forest Snow and Landscape Research, 76 (3), 493– 497. Shiga M, 1999. Classical biological control of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus: present status and interactions between an introduced parasitoid, Torymus sinensis, and native parasitoids. In: Biological invasions of ecosystems by pest and beneficial organisms. Eds E Yano, K Matsuo, M Shiyomi and DA Andow, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan, 175– 188. Shimura I, 1972. Studies on the breeding of chestnut, Castanea spp. II. Parasitic variation in the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Bulletin of the Horticultural Research Station A11, 1– 13. Shimura I, 1973. Studies on the breeding behaviors of several characters in chestnut, Castanea spp. III. Damages variation in the chestnut cultivars by the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Japanese Journal of Breeding, 23, 311– 319. Stone GN, Schoenrogge K, Atkinson RJ, Bellido D and Pujade-Villar J, 2002. The population biology of oak gall wasps. Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 633– 668. Tamura M, 1960. Studies on the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Part 2). On the life history. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo Nogyo Daigaku, 6, 13– 26. Yasumatsu, K. 1951. A new Dryocosmus injurious to chestnut trees in Japan (Hym., Cynipidae). Mushi, 22, 89– 93. Zhang ZY, 2009. Study approaches on the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu in China. Proceedings of the 4th International Chestnut Symposium. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 844, 425– 432. Zhang ZY, Tarcali G, Radócz L, Feng YQ and Shen YY, 2009. Chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu in China and in Hungary. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 38, 123– 128. Zhu DH, He YY, Fan YS, Ma MY and Peng DL, 2007. Negative evidence of parthenogenesis induction by Wolbachia in a gallwasp species, Dryocosmus kuriphilus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 124, 279– 284. Anagnostakis SL, 2001. The effect of multiple importations of pests and pathogens on a native tree. Biological Invasions, 3, 245– 254. Baker RHA, 2002. Predicting the limits to the potential distribution of alien crop pests. In: Invasive arthropods in agriculture. Problems and solutions. Eds GJ Hallman and CP Schwalbe. Enfield, USA, Science Publishers Inc., 207– 241. Bosio G, Gerbaudo C and Piazza E, 2010. Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu: an outline seven years after the first report in Piedmont (Italy). Proceedings of the Japan-Italy joint international symposium "A Global Serious Pest of Chestnut Trees, Dryocosmus kuriphilus : Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow", Tsukuba, Japan, November 24–25, 2009, 3– 13. Brussino G, Bosio G, Baudino M, Giordano R, Ramello F and Melika G, 2002. Pericoloso insetto esotico per il castagno europeo. Informatore agrario, 37, 59– 61. Chengjiu H, Yongtian Z and Bartholomew B, 1999. Fagaceae. Flora of China, 4, 314– 400. Conedera M, Manetti MC, Giudici F and Amorini E, 2004. Distribution and economic potential of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Europe. Ecologia Mediterranea, 30, 179– 193. Csóka G, Wittmann F and Melika G, 2009. The oriental sweet chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilusYasumatsu 1951) in Hungary. Növényvédelem, 45(7), 359– 360. Graziosi I and Santi F, 2008. Chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus): spreading in Italy and new records in Bologna province. Bulletin of Insectology, 61, 343– 348. Kottek M, Grieser J, Beck C, Rudolf B and Rubel F, 2006. World Map of Köppen- Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15, 259– 263. Magarey RD, Borchert DM and Schlegel JW, 2008. Global plant hardiness zones for phytosanitary risk analysis. Scientia Agricola, 65, 54– 59. Metzger MJ, Bunce RGH, Jongman RHG, Mücher CA and Watkins JW, 2005. A climatic stratification of the environment of Europe. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 14, 549– 563. Tropicos.org, 2010. Flora of China Check-List. Missouri Botanical Garden. Available from: http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/foc.html. Last access on 8 June 2010. New M, Lister D, Hulme M and Makin I, 2002. A high-resolution data set of surface climate over global land areas. Climate Research, 21, 1– 25. Oho I and Shimura N, 1970. Progress of research on the chestnut gall wasp, and issues relating to recent infestation. Plant Protection Journal, 24(10), 421– 427. Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED, Burgess ND, Powell GVN, Underwood EC, D'amico JA, Itoua I, Strand HE, Morrison JC, Loucks CJ, Allnutt TF, Ricketts TH, Kura Y, Lamoreux JF, Wettengel WW, Hedao P and Kassem KR, 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. BioScience, 51, 933– 938. Supplied as part of ESRI ArcGIS software version 9.1., available from: www.worldwildlife.org/science/data/item1872.html Ôtake A, 1980. Chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): a preliminary study on trend of adult emergence and some other ecological aspects related to the final stage of its life cycle. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 15, 96– 105. Ti-zhi L and Rui G, 2009. The resources of chestnut in Dandong and its cultivation and exploitation. Proceedings of the IVth International Chestnut Symposium. Acta Horticulturae, 844, 281– 285. Zhang ZY, 2009. Study Approaches on the Chestnut Gall Wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu in China. Proceedings of the IVth International Chestnut Symposium. Acta Horticulturae, 844, 425– 430. Beverton RJH and Holt SJ, 1981. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. Gt. Britain, Fishery Investigations 2(19), 533 pp. Bounous G, 2002. Il castagno. Coltura, ambiente ed utilizzazioni in Italia e nel mondo. Bologna, Edagricole. Cooper WR and Rieske LK, 2007. Community associates of an exotic gallmaker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), in Eastern North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100 (2), 236– 244. Conedera M, Manetti MC, Giudici F and Amorini E, 2004. Distribution and economic potential of the Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Europe. Ecologia mediterranea, 30, 179– 193. Graziosi I and Santi F, 2008. Chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus): spreading in Italy and new records in Bologna province. Bulletin of Insectology, 61, 343– 348. Groupe des Experts du Châtaignier, 1951. Rapport de la première session. FAO 53/2/1423, Rome, 50 p. Gyoutoku Y and Uemura M, 1985. Ecology and biological control of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). 1. Damage and parasitisation in Kumamoto Prefecture. Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu, 31, 213– 215. Hemerik L, Busstra C and Mols P, 2004. Predicting the temperature-dependent natural population expansion of the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111, 59– 69. Jerde CL and Lewis MA, 2007. Waiting for invasions: A framework for the arrival of nonindigenous species. The American Naturalist, 170(1), 1– 9. Kato K and Hijii N, 1993. Optimal clutch size of the chestnut gall-wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Research in Population Ecology, 35, 1– 14. Kato K and Hijii N, 1999. Mortality factors of the chestnut Gall-wasp, Drycosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) after gall formation. Entomological Science, 2(4), 483– 491. Kato K and Hijii N, 2001. Ovopositional traits of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Entomological Science, 4(3), 295– 299. Kot M, Lewis MA and van den Driessche P, 1996. Dispersal data and the spread of invading organisms. Ecology, 77, 2027– 2042. Maurer WD and Fernández-López J, 2001. Establishing an international sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) provenance test: preliminary steps. Forest Snow and Landscape Research, 76, 3, 482– 486. Payne JA, 1981. Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp in North America. In Proceedings of American Chestnut Cooperators' Meeting. US Forest Service, Broomall, PA, 14. Shigesada N, Kawasaki K and Takeda Y, 1995. Modeling stratified diffusion in biological invasions. The American Naturalist, 146(2), 229– 251. Rieske LK, 2007. Success of an exotic gallmaker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, on chestnut in the USA: a historical account. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 37, 172– 174. van den Bosch F, Metz JAJ and Dieckmann O, 1990. The velocity of spatial population expansion. Journal of Mathematical Biology, 28, 529– 565. Aebi A, Schönrogge K, Melika G, Quacchia A, Alma A and Stone GN, 2007. Native and introduced parasitoids attacking the invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. OEPP/EPPO, Bulletin 37, 166– 171. Aebi A, Schönrogge K, Melika G, Alma A, Bosio G, Quacchia A, Picciau L, Abe Y, Moriya S, Yara K, Seljak G and Stone GN, 2006. Parasitoid recruitment to the globally invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. In: Ecology and evolution of galling arthropods and their associates. Eds K Ozaki, J Yukwa, T Ohgushi and PW Price. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 103– 121. Anagnostakis SI, 1999. Chestnut research in Connecticut: breeding and biological control. Proceedings 2nd International Symposium on Chestnut, G. Salesses (Ed.). Acta Horticulturae, 494, 391– 394. Bigler F, Babendreier D and Kuhlmann U, 2006. Environmental impact of invertebrates for biological control of arthropods: methods and risk assessment. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. Bosio G, Gerbaudo C and Piazza E, 2010. Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu: an outline seven years after the first report in Piedmont (Italy). Proceedings of the Japan-Italy joint international symposium "A Global Serious Pest of Chestnut Trees, Dryocosmus kuriphilus : Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow", Tsukuba, Japan, November 24–25, 2009, 3– 13. CABI, 2007. Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. Caterino MS, Cho S and Sperling FAH, 2000. The current state of insect molecular systematics: a thriving Tower of Babel. Annual Review of Entomology, 45, 1– 54. Cooper WR and Rieske LK, 2006. Insects associated with the Asian chestnut gall wasp. The Nutshell, 16, 28– 30. Cooper WR and Rieske LK, 2007. Community associates of an exotic gallmaker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in eastern North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 100, 236– 244. Cooper WR and Rieske LK, 2009. Sustainable management of the invasive Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp? Interactions between native and introduced natural enemies. The Nutshell, 12– 14. EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization), 2001. Import and release of exotic biological control agents. EPPO Bulletin, 31, 33– 35. Felt EP, 1940. Plant Galls and Gall Makers. Comstock Publishing Company inc., Ithaca, NY, US, 364 pp. Godfray HCJ, 1994. Parasitoids: behaviour and evolutionary ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey Gyoutoku Y and Uemura M, 1985. Ecology and biological control of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). 1. Damage and parasitisation in Kumamoto Prefecture. Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu, 31, 213– 215. IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention), 2005. ISPM (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures) No. 3: Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms. Eds FAO, Rome, Italy. Izawa H, Osakabe Mh, Moriya S and Toda S, 1996. Use of malic enzyme to detect hybrids between Torymus sinensis and T. beneficus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) attacking Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and possibility of natural hybridization. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 40, 205– 208. Kuhlmann U, Schaffner U and Mason PG, 2006. Selection of non-target species for host specificity testing. In: Environmental impact of invertebrates for biological control of arthropods: methods and risk assessment. Eds F Bigler, D Babendreier and U Kuhlmann. Wallingford, UK, CAB International, 15– 37. Lenteren JC van and Loomans AJM, 2006. Environmental risk assessment: methods for comprehensive evaluation and quick scan. In: Environmental impact of invertebrates for biological control of arthropods: methods and risk assessment. Eds F Bigler, D Babendreier and U Kuhlmann. Wallingford, UK, CAB International, 254– 272. Lenteren JC van, Bale J, Bigler F, Hokkanen HMT and Loomans AJM, 2006. Assessing risks of releasing exotic biological control agents of arthropod pests. Annual Review of Entomology, 51, 609– 634. Louda SM, Pemberton RW, Johnson MT and Follett PA, 2003. Nontarget effects: the Achilles' heel of biological control? Annual Review of Entomology, 48, 365– 396. Moriya S, Inoue K and Mabuchi M, 1989. The use of Torymus sinensis to control chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, in Japan. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC), Technical Bulletin 118, 1– 12. Moriya S, Inoue K, Shiga M and Mabuchi M, 1992. Interspecific relationship between an introduced parasitoid, Torymus sinensis Kamijo, as a biological control agent of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, and an endemic parasitoid, T. beneficus Yasumatsu et Kamijo. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 27, 479– 483. Moriya S, Shiga M and Adachi I, 2003. Classical biological control of the chestnut gall wasp in Japan. Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on biological control of arthropods. USDA Forest Service, Washington, 407– 415. Murakami Y, 1981. The parasitoids of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Japan and the introduction of a promising natural enemy from China (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 25, 167– 174. Murakami Y, 1988. Ecotypes of Torymus (Syntomaspis) beneficus Yasumatsu & Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) with different seasonal prevalences of adult emergence. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 23, 81– 87. Murakami Y, Ohkubo N, Moriya S, Gyoutoku Y, Hyo Kim C and Kuk Kim J, 1995. Parasitoids of Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptea: Cynipidae) in South Korea with particular reference to ecologically different types of Torymus (Syntomaspis) sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 30, 277– 284. Murakami Y, Umeya K and Oho N, 1977. A preliminary introduction and release of a parasitoid (Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Cynipidae) from China. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 21, 197– 203. Murakami Y, Hiramatsu T and Maeda M, 1994. Parasitoid complexes of the chestnut gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in two localities before introduction of Torymus (Syntomaspis) sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), with special reference to prediction of results after release of the parasitoids. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 38, 29– 41. Murakami Y, Toda S and Gyoutoku Y, 2001. Colonization of imported Torymus (Syntomaspis) sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) parasitic on the chestnut gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), 7: Success in the eighteenth year after release in Kumamoto. Kyushu Plant Protection Research, 47, 132– 134. Ôtake A, 1987. Comparison of some morphological characters among two strains of Torymus beneficus Yasumatsu & Kamijo and T. sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 22, 600– 609. Ôtake A, Shiga M and Moriya S, 1982. A study on parasitism of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), by parasitoids indigenous to Japan. Bulletin of the Fruit Tree Research Station, A9, 177– 192. Payne JA, 1978. Oriental chestnut gall wasp: new nut pest in North America. Proceedings of the American Chestnut Symposium. West Virginia University Press, Morgantown, WV (US), 86– 88. Quacchia A, Moriya S, Bosio G, Scapin I and Alma A, 2008. Rearing, release and settlement prospect in Italy of Torymus sinensis, the biological control agent of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. BioControl, 53, 829– 839. Rieske LK, 2007. Success of an exotic gallmaker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, on chestnut in the USA: a historical account. OEPP/EPPO, Bulletin 37, 172– 174. Shiga M, 1996. Management of exotic insect pests in Japan. In: Pest management strategies in Asian monsoon agroecosystems. N Eds Hokyo and G Norton, Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Kumamoto, Japan, 3– 19. Shiga M, 1999. Classical biological control of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus: present status and interactions between an introduced parasitoid, Torymus sinensis, and native parasitoids. In: Biological invasions of ecosystems by pest and beneficial organisms. E Eds Yano, K Matsuo, M Shiyomi and DA Andow, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan, 175– 188. Shimura I, 1973. Studies on the breeding behaviors of several characters in chestnut, Castanea spp. III. Damaged variation in the chestnut cultivars by the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Japanese Journal of Breeding, 23, 311– 319. Stone GN, Schönrogge K, Atkinson RJ, Bellido D and Pujade-Villar J, 2002. The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 633– 668. Toda S, Miyazaki M, Osakabe MH and Komazaki S, 2000. Occurrence and hybridization of two parasitoid wasps, Torymus sinensis Kamijo and T. beneficus Yasumatsu & Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Oki Islands. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 35, 151– 154. Wapshere AJ, 1974. A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control. Annals of Applied Biology, 77, 201– 211. Yara K, 2004. Relationship between the introduced and indigenous parasitoids Torymus sinensis and T. beneficus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) as inferred from mt-DNA (COI) sequences. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39, 427– 433. Yara K, 2006. Identification of Torymus sinensis and T. beneficus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), introduced and indigenous parasitoids of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), using the ribosomal ITS2 region. Biological Control, 36, 15– 21. Yara K, Yano E, Sasawaki T and Shiga M, 2000. Detection of hybrids between introduced Torymus sinensis and native T. beneficus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in central Japan, using malic enzyme. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 35, 201– 206. Zhang ZY, 2009. Study approaches on the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu in China. Proceedings of the 4th International Chestnut Symposium. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 844, 425– 432. Zhang ZY, Tarcali G, Radócz L, Feng YQ and Shen YY, 2009. Chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu in China and in Hungary. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 38, 123– 128. Citing Literature Volume8, Issue6June 20101619 This article also appears in:Qualitative pest risk assessments ReferencesRelatedInformation

Referência(s)