Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

MULTIPLE HAEMOGLOBINS

1960; Wiley; Volume: 35; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Catalão

10.1111/j.1469-185x.1960.tb01523.x

1469-185X

Walter Gratzer, A. C. Allison,

Hemoglobin structure and function

Biological ReviewsVolume 35, Issue 4 p. 459-503 MULTIPLE HAEMOGLOBINS W. B. GRATZER, W. B. GRATZER National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, LondonSearch for more papers by this authorA. C. ALLISON, A. C. ALLISON National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, LondonSearch for more papers by this author W. B. GRATZER, W. B. GRATZER National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, LondonSearch for more papers by this authorA. C. ALLISON, A. C. ALLISON National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1960 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1960.tb01523.xCitations: 84AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES Adinolfi, N. & Chieffi, G. (1958). Larval and adult haemoglobins of the cyclostome Petromyzon planeri. Nature, Lond., 182, 730. Adinolfi, N., Chieffi, G. & Siniscalco, M. (1959). Haemoglobin pattern of the cyclostome Petromyzon planeri during the course of development. Nature, Lond.,. 184, 1325. Ainsworth, S., Gibson, Q. H. & Roughton, F. W. J. (1958). Individual velocity constants in the chain of reaction of sheep haemoglobin with dissolved gases. Conference on Hemoglobin 2–3 May 1957. N.A.S.—N.R.C. Publication no. 557, p. 14. Washington, D.C. Alberty, R. A. (1953). Electrochemical properties of the proteins and amino acids. The proteins, vol. 1A, p. 461. New York : Academic Press. Allen, D. W., Schroeder, W. A. & Balog, J. (1958). Chromatographic heterogeneity of normal adult and fetal human hemoglobins: effects of, crystallization and chromatography on the heterogeneity and isoleucine content. J. Amer. chem. Soc.. 80, 1628. Allen, D. W. & Wyman, J. (1952). The oxygen equilibrium of duck hemoglobin. J. cell. comp. Physiol.. 39, 391. Allen, D. W., Wyman, J. & Smith, C. A. (1953). The oxygen equilibrium of fetal and adult human hemoglobin. J. biol. Chem.. 203, 81. Allison, A. C. (1956). The sickle-cell and haemoglobin C genes in some African populations. Ann. hum. Genet.. 21, 67. Allison, A. C. (1957). Malaria in carriers of the sickle-cell trait and new born children. Exp. Parasitol.. 4, 418. Allison, A. C. (1959). Recent developments in the study of inherited anaemias. Eugenics Quart 6, 155. Allison, A. C. & Cecil, R. (1958). The thiol groups of normal adult human haemoglobin. Biochem. J.. 69, 27. Allison, A. C., Cecil, R., Charlwood, P. A., Gratzer, W. B., Jacobs, S. & Snow, N. (1960a). The haemoglobin of the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis. Biochim. biophys. acta.. Allison, A. C., Cecil, R. & Snow, N. (1960b). The thiol groups of human foetal and sickle-cell haemoglobins. Biochem. J. (in press). Allison, A. C., Gratzer, W. B. & Woodhead, P. M. F. (1960c). Properties of some vertebrate haemoglobins. (In preparation.). Anfinsen, C B. (1959). The molecular basis of evolution. New York : John Wiley. Anfinsen, C. B. & Redfield, R. D. (1956). Protein structure in relation to function and biosynthesis. Adv. Protein Chem.. 11, 1. Aquist, S. E. G. & Anfinsen, C. B. (1959). The isolation and characterization of ribonucleases from sheep pancreas. J. biol. Chem.. 234, 1112. Bangham, A. C. (1957). Distribution of electrophoretically different haemoglobins among cattle breeds of Great Britain. Nature, Lond.,. 179, 467. Bangham, A. D. & Blumberg, B. S. (1958). Distribution of electrophoretically different haemoglobins among some cattle breeds of Europe and Africa. Nature, Lond.,. 181, 1551. Bangham, A. D. & Lehmann, H. (1958). 'Multiple' haemoglobins in the horse. Nature, Lond.,. 181, 267. Barak, A. J. (1958). Paper electrophoretic studies of some animal hemoglobins. Arch. Biochem.. 75, 543. Barcroft, J. (1928). The respiratory function of the blood: Part II. Haemoglobin. Cambridge University Press. Barcroft, J. (1946). Researches on prenatal life. Oxford : Blackwell. Bartels, H. & Harms, H. (1959). Sauerstoff-Dissoziationskurven des Blutes von Säugetieren. Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol.. 268, 234. Bartels, H. & Riegel, K. (1959). Physiologische Veränderung der O2-Dissoziationskurven-Lage beim Mensch, Schaf und Ziege. Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol.. 270, 62. Bartsch, R. G. & Kamen, M. D. (1958). On the new heme-protein of facultative protoheterotropes. J. biol. Chem. 230, 41. Beaven, G. H., Ellis, M. J. & White, J. C. (1956). Analysis of human haemoglobins by paper electrophoresis. Ciba Foundation Symposium on Paper Electrophoresis p. 43. London : Churchill. Beaven, G. H. & Gratzer, W. B. (1959a). A critical review of human haemoglobin variants, Part 1. Methods for separation and characterization. J, clin. Path,. 12, 1. Beaven, G. H. & Gratzer, W. B. (1959b). A critical review of human haemoglobin variants. Part 2. Individual haemoglobins. J. clin. Path.. 12, 101. Beaven, G. H. & Gratzer, W. B. (1959c). Foetal haemoglobin in the monkey. Nature, Lond.,. 184, 1730. Benhamou, M., Daune, M., Jacob, M., Luzzati, A. & Weill, G. (1960), Études de l'action du chlorure de sodium sur l'oxyhémoglobine. II. Influence de la concentration protéique sur la dissociation. Biochim. biophys. acta, 37, 1. Benzer, S., Ingram, V. M. & Lehmann, H. (1958). Three varieties of haemoglobin D. Nature, Lond.,. 182, 852. Betke, K. (1957). Über experimentelle Oxydation menschlicher und tierischer Hämoglobine. Folia haemat., Lpz.,. 75, 2. Betke, K., Greinacher, I. & Hecker, F. (1956a). Oxydation menschlicher und tierischer Oxyhämo-globine durch Kaliumferricyanid. Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak.. 229, 207. Betke, K., Greinacher, I. & Tietze, O. (1956b). Oxydation menschlicher und tierischer Oxyhamo-globine durch Natriumnitrit. Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak.. 229, 220. Blow, D. M. (1958). An X-ray examination of some crystal forms of pig and rabbit haemoglobin. Acta Cryst.. 11, 125. Blumberg, B. S., Allison, A. C. & Garry, B. (1960). The haptoglobins, hemoglobins and serum proteins of the alaskan fur seal, ground squirrel and marmot. J. cell. comp. Physiol.. 55, 61. Boardman, N. K. & Partridge, S. M. (1955). Separation of neutral proteins on ion-exchange resins. Biochem. J.. 59, 543. Braunitzer, G. (1958). Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Primärstruktur der Protein-Kom-ponenten einiger Hämoglobinen. Hoppe-Seyl. Z.. 312, 72. Brinkman, R. & Jonxis, J. H. P. (1936). Alkaline resistance and spreading velocity of foetal and adult types of mammalian haemoglobins. J. Physiol.. 88, 162. Brumpt, L. C., de Traverse, P. M. & Coquelet, M. L. (1956). Sur l'hémoglobine des Cervides. C.R. Soc. biol, Paris,. 150, 292. Buhler, D. R. & Shanks, W. E. (1959). Multiple hemoglobins in fishes. Science,. 129, 899. Burris, R. M. & Haas, E. (1944). The red pigment of leguminous root nodules. J. biol. Chem.. 155, 227. Cabannes, R. & Serain, C. (1955a). Hétérogénéité de l'hémoglobine des Bovides. Identification électrophorétique de deux hémoglobines bovines. C.R. Soc. biol., Paris,. 149, 7. Cabannes, R. & Serain, C. (1955b). Étude de l'hémoglobine du Dromadaire d'Afrique du Nord. C.R. Soc. biol., Paris,. 149, 1103. Cabannes, R. & Serain, C. (1955c). Études électrophorétiques des hémoglobines des Mammifères. domestiques d'Algérie. C.R. Soc. biol., Paris, 149, 1193. Cabannes, R. & Serain, C. (1957a). Étude électrophorétique de l'hémoglobine des foetus de quelques Mammifères d'Algérie. C.R. Soc. biol., Paris,. 151, 87. Cabannes, R. & Serain, C. (1957b). Étude de l'hémoglobine du Singe d'Algérie. C.R. Soc. biol., Paris,. 151, 943. Cecil, R. & Snow, N. (1960). Private communication. Chandrasekhar, N. (1959). Multiple haemoglobins in fish. Nature, Lond.,. 184, 1652. Cullis, A. F., Dintzis, H. M. & Perutz, M. F. (1958). X-ray analysis of haemoglobin. Conference on Hemoglobin, 2–3 May 1957. N.A.S.-N.R.C. Publication no. 557, p. 50. Washington, D.C. D'sAmelio, V. & Salvo, A. M. (1959a). The serological specificity of chicken hemoglobin fractions. Z. Naturforsch.. 14b, 455. D'sAmelio, V. & Salvo, A. M. (1959b). On the nuclear hemoglobin of chicken red cells. Exp. Cell. Res.. 18, 384. Datta, R., Ghosh, J. & Guha, B. C. (1958). Electrophoretic behaviour of avian haemoglobins. Nature, Lond.,. 181, 1205. Davenport, H. E. (1949a). Haemoglobins of Ascaris lumbricoides. Proc. roy. Soc. B, 136, 255. Davenport, H. E. (1949b). Haemoglobins of Nippostrongylus muris and strongylus spp. Proc. roy. Soc. B, 136, 271. Dessauer, H. C., Fox, W. & Ramirez, J. R. (1957). Preliminary attempt to correlate paper-electro-phoretic migration of hemoglobins with phylogeny in amphibia and reptiles. Arch. Biochem.. 71, 11. Dévényi, T. (1956). Comparative studies of haemoglobin from some closely related species. Acta Physiol. Hung.. 9, 321. Drabkin, D. L. (1946). Spectrophotometric studies. XIV. The crystallographic and optical properties of the hemoglobin of man in comparison with those of other species. J. biol. Chem.. 164, 703. Dunlap, J. S., Johnson, V. L. & Farmer, D. S. (1956). Multiple hemoglobins in birds. Experientia,. 12, 352. Durrum, E. L. (1951). Continuous electrophoresis and ionophoresis on filter paper. J. Amer. chem. Soc.. 73, 4875. Ellfolk, N. (1959). Crystalline leghemoglobin. Acta chem. scand.. 13, 596. Ellfolk, N. & Virtanen, A. J. (1950). Electrophoresis of leghemoglobin. Acta chem. scand.. 4, 1014. Evans, J. V., Harris, H. & Warren, F. L. (1956b). Haemoglobin types in British breeds of sheep. Biochem. J.. 65, 43 P. Evans, J. V., King, J. W. B., Cohen, B. L., Harris, H. & Warren, F. L. (1956b). Genetics of haemoglobin and blood potassium differences in sheep. Nature, Land.,. 178, 849. Evans, J. V., Harris, H. & Warren, F. L. (1958). Haemoglobin and potassium blood types in some non-British breeds of sheep and certain rare British breeds. Nature, Lond.,. 182, 320. Ewer, D. W. (1959). A toad (Xenopus laevis) without haemoglobin. Nature, Lond.,. 183, 271. Falk, J. E., Porra, R. J., Brown, A., Moss, F. & Larminie, H. C. (1959). Effect of oxygen tension on haem and porphyrin biosynthesis. Nature, Lond.,. 184, 1217. Ferry, R. M., Cohn, E. J., Green, A. A. & Teel, E. W. (1958). Crystalline horse oxyhemoglobin. Biochem. Preparations,. 6, 51. Field, E. O. & O'sBrien, J. R. P. (1955). Dissociation of human haemoglobin at low pH. Biochem. J.. 60, 656. Fine, J. M., Uriel, J. & Faure, J. (1956). Étude électrophorétique en gelose de diverses hémoglobines animates. Bull. Soc. Chim. biol.. 38, 649. Fiori, A. (1957). Ricerche cromatografiche sull'emoglobine animali ed umane, adulta e fetale. Minerva med. leg.. 77, 51. Fish, G. R. (1956). Some aspects of the respiration of six species offish from Uganda. J. exp. Biol.. 33, 186. Fox, H. M. (1945a). The oxygen affinity of certain invertebrate haemoglobins. J. exp. Biol.. 21, 161. Fox, H. M. (1945b). Haemoglobin in blood-sucking parasites. Nature, Lond.,. 156, 475. Fox, H. M. (1949). On chlorocruorin and haemoglobin. Proc. roy. Soc. B, 136, 378. Fox, H. M. (1955). The effect of oxygen on the concentration of haem in invertebrates. Proc. roy. Soc. B, 143, 203. Fox, H. M. (1957). Haemoglobin in the Crustacea. Nature, Lond.,. 179, 148. Fox, H. M., Gilchrist, B. M. & Phear, E. A. (1951). Functions of haemoglobin in Daphnia. Proc. roy. Soc. B, 138, 514. Fox, H. M. & Vevers, G. (1960). The nature of animal pigments. London : Sidgwick and Jackson. Franciscis, P. de (1955). La curva di dissociazioane dell'emoglobine del feto di cavia e della cavia adulta. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper.. 31, 619. Frieden, E., Herner, A. E., Fish, L. & Lewis, E. J. C. (1957). Changes in serum proteins in amphibian metamorphosis. Science,. 126, 559. George, P. & Lyster, R. L. J. (1958). A survey of the evidence for and against a cervice configuration for the heme in hemoglobin. Conference on Hemoglobin, 2–3 May 1957. N.A.S.-N.R.C. Publication no. 557, p. 33. Washington, D.C. Giri, K. V. & Pillai, N. C. (1956). Multiple haemoglobins in animals. Nature, Lond.,. 178, 1057. Gluecksohn-Waelsch, S., Ranney, H. M. & Sisken, B. F. (1957). The hereditary transmission of hemoglobin differences in mice. J. clin. Invest.. 36, 753. Goldberg, C. A. J. (1958). Starch electrophoresis of human hemoglobins with special reference to the determination of hemoglobin A2. Clin. Chem.. 4, 484. Gratzer, W. B. & Beaven, G. H. (1960). The minor components of normal adult human haemoglobin. Brit. J. Haemat.. 6, 191. Grembergen, G. van (1954). Haemoglobin in Heterakis gallinae. Nature, Lond., 174, 35. Grimes, R. M. & Duncan, C. W. (1959). Electrophoretic properties of bovine hemoglobins A and B. Arch. Biochem.. 84, 393. Grimes, R. M., Duncan, C. W. & Lassiter, C. A. (1957). Occurrence of multiple hemoglobins in certain breeds of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci.. 40, 1338. Grimes, R. M., Duncan, C. W. & Lassiter, C. A. (1958). Bovine fetal hemoglobin. I. Postnatal persistence and relation to adult hemoglobin. J. Dairy Sci.. 41, 1527. Grouchy, J. de (1958). Utilisation d'un système tampon discontinu en cours de l'electrophorèse des hémoglobines à travers gel d'amidon. Rev. franç. Ét. Clin. biol.. 3, 877. Gutfreund, H. (1949). The osmotic pressure of haemoglobin in strong salt solutions. In Haemoglobin, p. 197. Barcroft Memorial Conference, 1949. London : Butterworth. Gutter, F. J., Peterson, E. A. & Sober, H. A. (1959). Chromatography of proteins. III. Human, horse and dog hemoglobins on cation exchange columns. Arch. Biochem.. 80, 353. Gutter, F. J., Sober, H. A. & Peterson, E. A. (1956). The effect of mercaptoethanol and urea on the molecular weight of haemoglobin. Arch. Biochem.. 62, 427. Habeeb, A. F. S. A. & Smith, D. B. (1960). The amino acid contents of horse globin and of its component polypeptides. Canad. J. Biochem.. 38, 363. Hall, F. G. (1930). The ability of the common mackerel and certain other marine fishes to remove dissolved oxygen from sea water. Amer. J. Physiol.. 93, 417. Hall, F. G. (1934). Haemoglobin function in the developing chick. J. Physiol.. 83, 222. Harris, H. & Warren, F. L. (1955). Occurrence of electrophoretically distinct haemoglobins in ruminants. Biochem. J.. 60, 29 P. Hashimoto, K. & Matsuura, F. (1959). Two haemoglobins in the Chum salmon. Nature, Land.,. 184, 1418. Hasserodt, U. & Vinograd, J. (1959). Dissociation of human carbon-monoxyhemoglobin at high pH. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci., Wash.,. 45, 12. Haug, A. & Smith, D. B. (1957). Separation molecular weight and interaction of horse globin components. Canad. J. Chem.. 35, 945. Haughton, T. M., Kerkut, G. A. & Munday, K. A. (1958). The oxygen dissociation curve and alkaline denaturation of haemoglobin from two species of earthworm. J. exp. Biol.. 35, 360. Haurowitz, F. & Hardin, R. L. (1954). Respiratory proteins. The proteins, vol. IIA, p. 279. New York : Academic Press. Haurowitz, F., Hardin, R. L. & Dicks, M. (1954). Denaturation of hemoglobins by alkali. J. phys. Chem.. 58, 103. Helm, H. J. van der & Huisman, T. H. J. (1958). The two hemoglobin components of the chicken. Science, 127, 762. Helm, H. J. van der, Visser, H. K. A., Vliet, G. van & Huisman, T. H. J. (1958). Some investigations dealing with animal haemoglobins. Clin. Chim. Acta,. 3, 114. Helm, H. J. van der, Vliet, G. van & Huisman, T. H. J. (1957). Investigations on two different hemoglobins of the sheep. Arch. Biochem.. 73, 331. Hilgert, J. & Vojtiskova, M. (1959). Species haemoglobin in guinea fowl hen—domestic cock hydrids. Folia Biol.. 5, 317. Hill, R. J. & Craig, L. C. (1959). Countercurrent distribution studies with normal adult hemoglobin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.. 81, 2272. Hill, R. J. & Schwartz, H. C. (1959). A chemical abnormality in haemoglobin G. Nature, Lond.,. 184, 641. Holiday, E. R. (1937). A method of absorption spectrography for detection of the detailed structure of absorption spectra. J. sci. Inst.. 14, 166. Huisman, T. H. J. (1959). The cystine/cysteine content of hemoglobins. Sulfur in Proteins: Proc. Symposium Falmonth, Mass. (1958), p. 1532. Huisman, T. H. J., Martis, E. A. & Dozy (1958a). Chromatography of hemoglobin types on carboxymethylcellulose. J. Lab. clin. Med.. 52, 312. Huisman, T. H. J. & Prins, H. K. (1955). Chromatographic estimation of four different human hemoglobins. J. Lab. clin. Med.. 46, 255. Huisman, T. H. J., Visser, H. K. A. & Helm, H. J. van der (1957). Evidence of a second foetal haemoglobin in the newborn goat. Nature, Lond.,. 180, 758. Huisman, T. H. J. van der, Visser, H. K. A. & Vliet, G. van (1959). Investigations on different haemoglobin types in some species of animals. In C.I.O.M.S. Symposium on abnormal haemoglobins, Istanbul (1958), pp. 181, 425. Oxford : Blackwell. Huisman, T. H. J., Vliet, G. van & Sebens, T. (1958b). Some genetic and physiological aspects of two different adult haemoglobins in sheep. Nature, Lond.,. 182, 171. Huisman, T. H. J., Vliet, G. van & Sebens, T. (1958c). Haemoglobin types in different species of sheep. Nature, Lond.,. 182, 174. Hunt, J. A. (1959). Identity of the α-chains of adult and foetal human haemoglobins. Nature, Lond.,. 183. 1373. Hunt, J. A. & Ingram, V. M. (1959a). A terminal peptide sequence of human haemoglobin. Nature, Lond., 184, 640. Hunt, J. A. & Ingram, V. M. (1959b). Human haemoglobin E: the chemical effects of gene mutation. Nature, Lond.,. 184, 870. Hunt, J. A. & Lehmann, H. (1959). Haemoglobin 'Bart's': a foetal haemoglobin without α-chains. Nature, Lond.,. 184, 872. Ingram, V. M. (1955a). Sulphydryl groups in haemoglobins. Biochem. J.. 59, 653. Ingram, V. M. (1955b). The application of Edman's peptide degradation method to horse myoglobin and haemoglobin. Biochim. biophys. Acta,. 16, 599. Ingram, V. M. (1959). Separation of the peptide chains of human globin. Nature, Lond.,. 183, 1795. Itano, H. A. (1956). The hemoglobins. Ann. Rev. Biochem.. 25, 331. Itano, H. A. (1957). The human hemoglobins: their properties and genetic control. Adv. Protein Chem.. 12, 216. Itano, H. A. & Robinson, E. (1959a). Formation of normal and doubly abnormal haemoglobins by recombination of haemoglobin I with S and C. Nature, Lond.,. 183, 1799. Itano, H. A. & Robinson, E. (1959b). Properties and inheritance of haemoglobin by asymmetric recombination. Nature, Lond.,. 184, 1468. Jacob, G. H. & Tappen, N. C. (1957). Abnormal haemoglobins in monkeys. Nature, Lond.,. 180, 241. Jacob, G. F. & Tappen, N. C. (1958). Haemoglobins in monkeys. Nature, Lond.,. 181, 197. Johnson, V. L. & Dunlap, J. S. (1955). Electrophoretic separation of hemoglobins in the chicken. Science,. 122, 1186. Jones, R. T., Schroeder, W. A., Balog, J. & Vinograd, J. (1959a). Gross structure of hemoglobin H. J. Amer. chem. Soc.. 81, 3161. Jones, R. T., Schroeder, W. A. & Vinograd, J. (1959b). Identity of the α-chains of hemoglobins A and F. J. Amer. chem. Soc.. 81, 4749. Jonxis, J. H. P. (1958). Hémoglobine foetale. Expos, ann. Biochim. méd.. 20, 89. Jonxis, J. H. P. (1959). Foetal haemoglobin. In C.I.O.M.S. Symposium on abnormal haemoglobins, Istanbul (1958), p. 114. Oxford : Blackwell. Jonxis, J. H. P. & Huisman, T. H. J. (1956). The detection of fetal hemoglobin by means of the alkali denaturation test. Blood,. 11, 1009. Jope, E. M. (1949). The ultraviolet spectral absorption of haemoglobins inside and outside the red blood cell. In Haemoglobin, p. 205. Barcroft Memorial Volume. London : Butterworth. Jope, E. M. & O'sBrien, J. R. P. (1949). Crystallization and solubility studies, p. 269. In Haemoglobin. Barcroft Memorial Volume. London : Butterworth. Karvonen, M. J. (1949). A solubility study of foetal and adult sheep haemoglobin. In Haemoglobin Barcroft Memorial Volume, p. 279. London : Butterworth. Karvonen, M. J. & Leppänen, V. (1952). The solubility of haemoglobin and the intracellular electrolytes of the erythrocytes of different sheep. Ann. Med. exp. Fenn.. 30, 14. Katz, A. M. & Chernoff, A. J. (1959). Structural similarities between haemoglobins A and F. Science,. 130, 1574. Kauffmann, T. & Boettcher, F. P. (1959). Über die C-terminalen Amino-säuren von Menschen-, Pferde- und Rinder-Hämoglobin. Chem. Ber.. 92, 2707. Keilin, D. (1953). Occurrence of haemoglobin in yeast and the supposed stabilisation of the oxygenated cytochrome oxidase. Nature, Lond.,. 172, 390. Keilin, D. & Ryley, J. F. (1953). Haemoglobin in Protozoa. Nature, Lond.,. 172, 451. Keilin, D. & Tissières, A. (1953). Haemoglobin in moulds: Neurospora crassa and Penicillium notatum. Nature, Lond., 172, 393. Keilin, D. & Wang, Y. L. (1945). Haemoglobin in the root nodules of leguminous plants. Nature, Lond.,. 155, 227. Keilin, D. & Wang, Y. L. (1946). Haemoglobin of Gastrophilus larvae. Purification and properties. Biochem. J.. 40, 855. Kendrew, J. C. & Perutz, M. F. (1948). A comparative X-ray study of foetal and adult sheep haemoglobins. Proc. roy. Soc. A, 194, 375. Kernohan, J. C. (1959). Some kinetic studies on electrophoretically distinct haemoglobins of the sheep. J. Physiol.. 145, 32 P. King, J. W. B., Evans, J. V., Harris, H. & Warren, F. L. (1960). The breeding performance of sheep with differing haemoglobin and potassium blood types. Proc. roy. Soc. B (in the press). Kohn, J. (1958). Small-scale membrane filter electrophoresis and immuno-electrophoresis. Clin. Chim. Acta, 3, 450. Kolin, A. (1955). Isoelectric spectra and mobility spectra: a new approach to electrophoretic separation. Proc. nat. Acad. Set., Wash.,. 41, 101. Krüger, F. von (1925). Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Resistenz des Hämoglobins verschiedener Tiere. Z. vergl. Physiol,. 2, 254. Kruh, J. (1952). Recherches sur la biochimie de l'hémoglobine à l'aide de fer radioactif. IV. Fractionnement des hémoglobines de Lapin adulte par chromatographic sur alumine; comparaison avec les resultats obtenus par d'autres techniques. Bull. Soc. Chim. biol.. 34, 778. Kunkel, H. G. & Bearn, A. G. (1957). Minor hemoglobin components of normal human blood. Fed. Proc.. 16, 760. Kunkel, H. G., Ceppeillini, R., Müller-Eberhard, U. & Wolff, J. (1957). Observations on the minor basic hemoglobin components in the blood of normal individuals and patients with thalassemia. J. clin. Invest.. 36, 1615. Kunkel, H. G. & Wallenius, G. (1955). New haemoglobin in normal adult blood. Science,. 122, 388. Künzer, W. & Ambs, E. (1958). Trennung und Gewinnung von fetalem Hämoglobin (Hb F) aus Nabelschnurfarbstoff mittels Hochspannungselektrophorese. Klin. Wschr.. 36, 831. Lehmann, H. (1959). In C.I.O.M.S. Symposium on abnormal haemoglobins, Istanbul (1958), p. 201. Oxford : Blackwell. Lehmann, H. & Rollinson, D. H. L. (1958). The haemoglobins of 211 cattle in Uganda. Man,. 57, 52. Lemberg, R. & Legge, J. W. (1949). Hematin compounds and bile pigments, pp. 749. New York : Interscience Publishers. Lenhert, D. G., Love, W. E. & Carlson, F. D. (1956) The molecular weight of hemoglobin from Petromyzon marinus. Biol. Bull., Woods Hole, 111, 293. Levitt, M. & Rhinesmith, H. S. (1960). A quantitative study of the number of N-terminal amino acid residues and the number and kind of N-terminal peptides in horse hemoglobin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.. 82, 975. Liebold, B. & Braunitzer, G. (1959). Über Hämoglobine. II. Die tryptische Spaltung des Humanglobins A. Hoppe-Seyl. Z.. 315, 271. Little, H. N. & Burris, R. H. (1947). Activity of red pigment from leguminous nodules. J. Amer. chem. Soc.. 69, 838. McCarthy, E. F. (1936). Oxygen dissociation curves and osmotic pressures of haemoglobins of different species. J. Physiol.. 102, 77. McCutcheon (1947). Specific oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in elasmobranchs and turtles. J. cell. comp. Physiol.. 29, 333. Mainardi, D. (1957). L'evoluzione nei Fringillidae. Concordanza fra una 'mappa sierologica' e i dati dell'analisi elletroforetica delle emoglobine. R. C. Ist. lombardo, B, 92, 180. Makinadon, T. & Anderson, N. G. (1957). Physicochemical properties of circulating red blood cells of lethally X-irradiated mice treated with rat bone marrow. Blood,. 12, 984. Manwell, C. (1957). Alkaline denaturation of the hemoglobin of postnatal and adult Scorpaenichthys marmoratus. Science, 126, 1175. Manwell, C. (1958a). Respiratory properties of the hemoglobin of two species of diving bird. Science,. 127, 705. Manwell, C. (1958b). Ontogeny of hemoglobin in the skate Raja binoculata. Science, 128, 419. Manwell, C. (1958c). On the evolution of hemoglobin. Respiratory properties of the hemoglobin of the Californian hagfish, Poliostrema stouti. Biol. Bull, Woods Hole, 115, 227. Manwell, C. (1959a). Alkaline denaturation and oxygen equilibrium of annelid hemoglobins. J. cell. comp. Physiol.. 53, 61. Manwell, C. (1959b). Oxygen equilibrium of Cucumaria miniata hemoglobin and the absence of Bohr effect. J. cell. comp. Physiol.. 53, 75. Marco, C. de & Antonini, E. (1958). Amino-acid composition of haemoglobin from Thunnus thynnus. Nature, Lond., 181, 1128. Markert, C. L. & Moller, F. (1959). Multiple forms in enzymes: tissue, ontogenic and species specific patterns. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci., Wash.,. 45, 753. Mäsiar, P. & Jurovĉik, M. (1959). Haemoglobin. III. The similarity in the structure of protein components in cat and rat haemoglobin. Chem. Zvesti.. 13, 58. Mäsiar, P., Jurovĉik, M. & Smolnicky, J. (1958). A study of the resemblances and differences in the structure of haemoglobin of various animals. Commun. IV, Intern. Congr. Biochem. (Vienna), (1958), p. 17. Mäsiar, P., Keil, B. & ŜCrm, F. (1957). Proteins and amino acids. XXXVIII.