Schmallenberg virus: State of Art
2014; Wiley; Volume: 12; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Alemão
10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3681
ISSN1831-4732
Tópico(s)Agriculture and Farm Safety
ResumoEFSA JournalVolume 12, Issue 5 3681 Scientific Report of EFSAOpen Access Schmallenberg virus: State of Art European Food Safety Authority, European Food Safety AuthoritySearch for more papers by this author European Food Safety Authority, European Food Safety AuthoritySearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 May 2014 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3681Citations: 21 Correspondence: [email protected] Acknowledgement: EFSA wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Schmallenberg Mandate II: Thomas Balenghien, Simon Gubbins, Anthony Wilson, Matthew Baylis, Richard Elliott, Stefan Zientara, Antoine Poskin, Claire Ponsart and Brigitte Cay and EFSA staff: José Cortiñas Abrahantes, Anna Zuliani, Ana Afonso, Jane Richardson, Andrea Bau, Franck Berthe and Didier Verloo for the support provided to this scientific output and Arjan Stegeman for peer reviewing the publication. Approval date: 30 April 2014 Published date: 15 May 2014 Question number: EFSA-Q-2012-00824 On request from: European Commission AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract This scientific report provides an overview of all research carried out on Schmallenberg virus (SBV), reviewing the current knowledge on SBV regarding genotyping findings, susceptible species, pathogenesis, transmission routes, immunity, seroprevalence, geographical and temporal SBV spread, improved within-herd transmission model, SBV impact assessment and within-herd and regional spread models. Metagenomic analysis identified SBV as a novel orthobunyavirus emerged in 2011 and it has been detected in domestic cattle, sheep, goats and 12 wild species. Seroprevalence studies indicate that SBV has probably spread over the whole of Europe, showing high seroprevalence at national scale, while larger variability is observed at regional scales. Clinical disease frequency is low and experimental infection on pregnant ewes and cows suggest that SBV rarely induces malformations. SBV may be detected from semen with a low frequency though there is no scientific evidence of transmission through insemination. Vector competence studies suggest that Culicoides are likely to be able to transmit SBV but found no evidence that mosquitoes are likely to be able to transmit it. SBV vertical transmission has not yet been identified as a major route. SBV has successfully overwintered, despite lengthy period of minimal vector activity and duration of immunity in cattle lasts for at least one year. A farm-to-farm spread model for SBV shows a rapid spread of infection across the study region and latent period, duration of viraemia, probability of transmission from host to vector and virus replication are sufficient to account for the rapid SBV spread. The between-farm SBV transmission model indicates that the application of movement restrictions has little effect on SBV spread. An impact assessment based on limited data suggests a probable effect of SBV infection on abortion, short gestation, non-return and the number of artificial inseminations required per animal. International trade restrictions by third countries represent the main SBV impact. References Afonso A, Cortinas Abrahantes J, Conraths F, Veldhuis A, Elbers A, Roberts H, Van der Stede Y, Méroc E, Gache K and Richardson J, 2014. The Schmallenberg virus epidemic in Europe 2011–2013. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, in press. Anonymous, 2012. Schmallenberg virus still circulating in the UK. Veterinary Record, 171, 140. 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