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Pyrimidine Nucleosides

1959; Academic Press; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0096-5332(08)60226-x

1875-6425

Jack J. Fox, Iris Wempen,

HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment

This chapter discusses the pyrimidine nucleosides, and nucleosides are defined as glycosyl derivatives of purines or pyrimidines, in which the anomeric carbon atom of the sugar is linked to a ring-nitrogen atom of the aglycon residue. The structures of some nucleosides of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid are given. Early chemical studies with naturally occurring nucleosides were related primarily to the elucidation of their structures. Identification of the nitrogenous bases (aglycons) of pyrimidine nucleosides began at the turn of the century, when Kossel and Neumann's isolated thymine (5-methyluracil) from nucleic acid and showed this pyrimidine to be identical with the "nucleosin." The isolation of cytosine and uracil from the nucleic acids came shortly thereafter and, in fact, by 1903, thymine, cytosine, and uracil had been synthesized. Of these pyrimidines, uracil and cytosine are constituents of ribonucleic acid, whereas thymine and cytosine are components of deoxyribonucleic acid. It was generally accepted that these nitrogenous heterocycles were the only pyrimidine components of the nucleic acids.