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Association between autism spectrum disorder and diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis

2022; Elsevier BV; Volume: 136; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104592

1873-7528

Samuele Cortese, Alessandra Gabellone, Lucia Marzulli, Iciar Iturmendi-Sabater, Diego de La Chica-Duarte, Isabella M. Piqué, Marco Solmi, Jae Il Shin, Lucia Margari, Gonzalo Arrondo,

Pancreatic function and diabetes

There is mixed evidence on the link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and diabetes. We conducted the first systematic review/meta-analysis on their association. Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42021261114), we searched Pubmed, Ovid, and Web of Science databases up to 6 December 2021, with no language/type of document restrictions. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We included 24 studies (total: 3427,773 individuals; 237,529 with ASD and 92,832 with diabetes) in the systematic review and 20 in the meta-analysis (mean stars number on the NOS: 5.89/10). There was a significant association, albeit characterized by significant heterogeneity, when pooling unadjusted OR (1.535, 95% CI = 1.109-2.126), which remained significant when restricting the analysis to children and type 2 diabetes, but became non-significant when considering adjusted ORs (OR: 1.528, 95% CI = 0.954-2.448). No significant prospective association was found (n = 2) on diabetes predicting ASD (HR: 1.232, 0.826-11.837). Therefore, the association between ASD and diabetes is likely confounded by demographic and clinical factors that should be systematically investigated in future studies.