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Microdialysis in Metabolic Research

2012; Springer Nature; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/978-1-4614-4815-0_12

2210-738X

Per‐Anders Jansson,

Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients

Clinical metabolic research needs tools to get a footprint of human physiology and pathophysiology in vivo. The novel idea of monitoring interstitial fluid by microdialysis in the brain of laboratory animals was a complement to ordinary blood sampling. Semipermeable hollow fibers were implemented in the brain-tissue mimicking characteristics of artificial blood vessels communicating with freely diffusing molecules in situ. Subcutaneous microdialysis for measurements of interstitial concentrations of any low molecular compound was introduced in 1987. Each microdialysis catheter required calibration in situ by the "no net flux" method to get the "true" interstitial glucose, lactate, adenosine, and glycerol concentrations. Addition of 133Xe-clearance assessments of adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) allowed adoption of Fick's principle to get an estimate of substrate release. By the time, technical improvements of probes and recovery techniques have made it possible to monitor interstitial insulin and cytokines/chemokines in both sc adipose tissue and muscle. In fact, almost every organ in the human body may be accessible for monitoring of small and large molecules in the interstitial fluid. Thus, the future for the microdialysis technique in metabolic research looks bright.