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Occurrence of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Vascular Wilt on Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) in Brazil
2022; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 106; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-04-21-0839-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresOtília Ricardo de Farias, José Manoel Ferreira de Lima Cruz, Josiene Silva Veloso, Ingrid Gomes Duarte, Paulo Roberto Ramos Barbosa, Maria do Rosário Félix, Carla Varanda, Patrick Materatski, M. D. M. Oliveira, Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento,
Tópico(s)Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseAhead of PrintOccurrence of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Vascular Wilt on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseOccurrence of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Vascular Wilt on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in BrazilO. R. Farias, J. M. F. L. Cruz, J. S. Veloso, I. G. Duarte, P. R. R. Barbosa, M. R. F. Félix, C. M. R. Varanda, P. Materatski, M. D. M. Oliveira, and L. C. NascimentoO. R. Farias†Corresponding author: O. R. Farias; E-mail Address: otiliarfarias@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0753-0712Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, PB 079, 58.397-000, Areia, Brazil, J. M. F. L. Cruzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-4056Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, PB 079, 58.397-000, Areia, Brazil, J. S. VelosoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Agronomia, Dois Irmãos, 52.171-900, Recife, Brazil, I. G. DuartePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Agronomia, Dois Irmãos, 52.171-900, Recife, Brazil, P. R. R. BarbosaInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri – Campus Unaí, 38.610-000, Unaí, Brazil, M. R. F. FélixMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal, C. M. R. VarandaMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal, P. MateratskiMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal, M. D. M. OliveiraPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, PB 079, 58.397-000, Areia, Brazil, and L. C. NascimentoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, PB 079, 58.397-000, Areia, Brazil AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations O. R. Farias1 † J. M. F. L. Cruz1 J. S. Veloso2 I. G. Duarte2 P. R. R. Barbosa3 M. R. F. Félix4 C. M. R. Varanda4 P. Materatski4 M. D. M. Oliveira1 L. C. Nascimento1 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, PB 079, 58.397-000, Areia, Brazil 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Agronomia, Dois Irmãos, 52.171-900, Recife, Brazil 3Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri – Campus Unaí, 38.610-000, Unaí, Brazil 4Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal Published Online:22 May 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0839-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is widely cultivated throughout the North and Northeastern regions of Brazil. Despite its adaptability to local environmental conditions, some diseases may limit its cultivation. In September 2017, cowpea cultivar BR-17 Gurguéia plants exhibiting root rot, vascular bundle darkening, and wilt symptoms were collected from a field located in Areia county, Paraíba state, Brazil (6°58′12″ S, 35°42′15″ W). About 14% of plants in the field were symptomatic. Infected roots and vascular bundle fragments from diseased samples were surface sterilized with a sodium hypochlorite (1%) solution for 2 min, rinsed multiple times with sterile water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and incubated at 25 ± 2°C for 7 days. By a single-spore isolation technique, a set of 10 isolates produced floccose and violaceous colonies. Macroconidia were sparse, slightly falcate with three to five septa, and measured 24.9 to 38.3 × 2.1 to 4.2 µm. Elliptical to oval shaped microconidia were produced in short chains from monophialides and polyphialides and measured 4.5 to 9.2 × 1.4 to 3.4 µm. No chlamydospores were observed. These morphological features match those of Fusarium proliferatum (Leslie and Summerell 2006). In order to validate the fungus's identity, representative isolate FC-01 was prepared for PCR amplification and partial sequencing of the translation elongation factor gene (TEF-1α; GenBank accession no. MW655796). A query of this sequence against the Fusarium-ID database (Geiser et al. 2004) showed 100% similarity (511/511) with F. proliferatum (MN784814.1). Phylogenetic analysis based on maximum likelihood was performed using RAXML-HCP2 v.8.2.12 and grouped the isolate with other F. proliferatum sequences with a high bootstrap value (98%). We also performed a pathogenicity test following the method described by Sousa et al. (2008). In summary, isolate FC-01 was grown on PDA amended with mannitol to adjust the osmotic potential to –1.0 MPa. Cultures were incubated at 25 ± 2°C for 7 days, and then 100 sterile cowpea seeds of BR-17 Gurguéia were placed on them. Seeds distributed over the PDA + mannitol without the fungus were used as a control. After 48 h of exposure, the seeds were sown into 250-ml plastic cups filled with sterile substrate and maintained under greenhouse conditions. Sixteen days after inoculation (DAI) the plants began to show gradual yellowing and wilting symptoms, and a stalk section at 36 DAI revealed darkened vascular bundles. In contrast, plants from the control group remained healthy. This test was repeated twice and F. proliferatum was reisolated from the roots and vascular bundle of cowpea seedlings, thus confirming Koch's postulates. Vascular wilt is one of the most important fungal diseases of cowpea (Shrestha et al. 2016). Considering that F. proliferatum is a cosmopolitan fungus that affects a wide host range (Yan 2020), its occurrence on cowpea fields may cause both yield and economic losses for Brazilian farmers. Therefore, precise identification of F. proliferatum is needed to develop effective management strategies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. proliferatum causing vascular wilt in cowpea plants in Brazil.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Geiser, D. M., et al. 2004. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EJPP.0000032386.75915.a0 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLeslie, J. F., and Summerell, B. A. 2006. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470278376 Crossref, Google ScholarShrestha, U., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:860. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1103-PDN Link, Google ScholarSousa, M. V., et al. 2008. Trop. Plant Pathol. 33:41. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarYan, L. 2020. Plant Dis. 104:3065. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-20-0995-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: This work was funded by the project "Control of olive anthracnose through gene silencing and gene expression using a plant virus vector" and the project "Development of a new virus-based vector to control TSWV in tomato plants" with the references, co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund, under the ALENTEJO 2020 (Regional Operational Program of the Alentejo), ALGARVE 2020 (Regional Operational Program of the Algarve) and through the Foundation for Science and Technology, in its national component (ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-028263, PTDC/ASP-PLA/28263/2017, ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-028266, and PTDC/ASP-PLA/28266/2017).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Just PublishedSubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Downloaded 235 times Article History Published: 22 May 2022First Look: 28 Feb 2022Accepted: 1 Dec 2021 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingEuropean Regional Development FundGrant/Award Number: ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-028263Grant/Award Number: PTDC/ASP-PLA/28263/2017Grant/Award Number: ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-028266Grant/Award Number: PTDC/ASP-PLA/28266/2017Keywordsdisease development and spreaddisease managementdisease warning systemsepidemiologyfield cropsfungioilseeds and legumespathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download
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