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Surface functionalization and size modulate the formation of reactive oxygen species and genotoxic effects of cellulose nanofibrils

2022; BioMed Central; Volume: 19; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1186/s12989-022-00460-3

1743-8977

Kukka Aimonen, Monireh Imani, Mira Hartikainen, Satu Suhonen, Esa Vanhala, C. Moreno, Orlando J. Rojas, Hannu Norppa, Julia Catalán,

Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly option for a broad range of applications. The fibrous nature and high biopersistence of CNFs call for a thorough toxicity assessment, but it is presently unclear which physico-chemical properties could play a role in determining the potential toxic response to CNF. Here, we assessed whether surface composition and size could modulate the genotoxicity of CNFs in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. We examined three size fractions (fine, medium and coarse) of four CNFs with different surface chemistry: unmodified (U-CNF) and functionalized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) (T-CNF), carboxymethyl (C-CNF) and epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (EPTMAC) (E-CNF). In addition, the source fibre was also evaluated as a non-nanosized material.