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Proton acceleration in thermonuclear nova explosions revealed by gamma rays

2022; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 6; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41550-022-01640-z

2397-3366

V. A. Acciari, Stefano Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, Manuel Artero, Katsuaki Asano, Dominik Baack, A. Babić, Andrés Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, Ivana Batković, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, Lorenzo Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, Hendrik Bökenkamp, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, Giovanni Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Yating Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, Giacomo D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, Antonino Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, Davide Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, Alice Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsäesser, V. Fallah Ramazanı, L. Fariña Alonso, Alicia Fattorini, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, Satoshi Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. Garcı́a López, M. Garczarczyk, Sargis Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, Paweł Gliwny, N. Godinović, Jarred Gershon Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, Lea Heckmann, J. Herrera, John Hoang, Dario Hrupec, Moritz Hütten, Tomohiro Inada, Kazuma Ishio, Y. Iwamura, Irene Jiménez Martínez, Jenni Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, Yukiho Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, A. La Barbera, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, Lena Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, Marcos López, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martı́nez, Alvaro Mas-Aguilar, D. Mazin, Stefano Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mičanović, Davide Miceli, Tjark Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, Daniel Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, Takeshi Nakamori, Lara Nava, V. Neustroev, M. Nievas Rosillo, Cosimo Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Yoshiki Ohtani, Tomohiko Oka, Jorge Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, Lovro Pavletić, Pablo Peñil, M. Persic, Marine Pihet, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, Chiara Righi, A. Rugliancich, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Bernd Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczyńska, Alessia Spolon, A. Stamerra, Jelena Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, Mitsunari Takahashi, Ryuji Takeishi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, Luca Tosti, Stefano Truzzi, Antonio Tutone, Santiago Ubach, Juliane van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vázquez Acosta, Sofia Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. Vigorito, V. Vitale, Ievgen Vovk, Martin Will, Carolin Wunderlich, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, Darko Zarić, Filippo Ambrosino, M. Cecconi, G. Catanzaro, C Ferrara, A. Frasca, Matteo Munari, L. Giustolisi, J. Alonso-Santiago, M. Giarrusso, U. Munari, P. Valisa,

Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae

Classical novae are cataclysmic binary star systems in which the matter of a companion star is accreted on a white dwarf1,2. Accumulation of hydrogen in a layer eventually causes a thermonuclear explosion on the surface of the white dwarf3, brightening the white dwarf to ~105 solar luminosities and triggering ejection of the accumulated matter. Novae provide the extreme conditions required to accelerate particles, electrons or protons, to high energies. Here we present the detection of gamma rays by the MAGIC telescopes from the 2021 outburst of RS Ophiuchi, a recurrent nova with a red giant companion, which allowed us to accurately characterize the emission from a nova in the 60 GeV to 250 GeV energy range. The theoretical interpretation of the combined Fermi LAT and MAGIC data suggests that protons are accelerated to hundreds of gigaelectronvolts in the nova shock. Such protons should create bubbles of enhanced cosmic ray density, of the order of 10 pc, from the recurrent novae. Detection of the 2021 outburst of the nova RS Oph in very-high-energy gamma rays by the MAGIC telescopes is reported. Investigation of the gamma-ray emission provides evidence for acceleration of protons within the nova shock, which then propagate outwards to create bubbles of enhanced cosmic ray density.