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Biodiesel production from tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer) almond oil applying the electrolytic paste of spent batteries as a catalyst

2022; Elsevier BV; Volume: 191; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.083

1879-0682

Flávio A. de Freitas, Igor R. S. Mendonça, Silma de S. Barros, Wanison A.G. Pessoa, Ingrity S.C. Sá, Larissa B. Gato, Edson Pablo da Silva, Marco Antônio dos Santos Farias, Francisco Xavier Nobre, Paulo José Sousa Maia, Stefan Iglauer, Kaori K.Y. Isla,

Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies

Improper disposal of batteries can cause several environmental problems. Thus, this work aimed to apply the electrolytic paste (SB) of spent AA batteries as a catalyst. The SB was heat-treated (400 and 800 °C) and characterized by FTIR, XRF, XRD, TGA, SEM-EDX, titratable acidity, and soluble alkalinity. Although the thermal treatment changed the constituent phases, a majority presence of manganese and zinc was observed in the materials. The extracted tucumã almond oil was also characterized, showing a high percentage of saturated fatty acids (75%) and high acidity (9.25 KOH/g oil). The untreated SB showed higher acidity (0.02 mmol/g) and, consequently, higher catalytic activity in transesterification reactions, resulting in good conversions (>97%). Temperature and reaction time were the most significant parameters, according to ANOVA. SB also showed high catalytic activity in the esterification of oleic acid, achieving good conversions (96%). Thus, the electrolytic paste proved to be a potentially efficient and eco-friendly catalyst for biodiesel production, even from highly acidic oils.