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Clinical Presentation and Outcome of COVID-19 in a Latin American Versus Spanish Population: Matched Case-Control Study

2022; Adis, Springer Healthcare; Volume: 11; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/s40121-022-00623-x

2193-8229

Rodrigo Alonso, Ana M. Camon, Celia Cardozo, Laia Albiach, Daiana Agüero, María Ángeles Marcos, Juan Ambrosioni, Marta Bodro, Mariana Chumbita, Lorena de la Mora, Nicole García-Pouton, Gerard Dueñas, Marta Hernández‐Meneses, Alexy Inciarte, Genoveva Cuesta, Fernanda Meira, Laura Morata, Pedro Puerta‐Alcalde, Sabina Herrera, Montse Tuset, Pedro Castro, Sergio Prieto‐González, Josep Mensa, José Antonio Martínez, Gemma Sanjuan, José M. Nicolás, Ana del Rı́o, Jordi Vilà, Felipe García, Carolina García‐Vidal, Álex Soriano, José Luís Blanco, Josep Mallolas, Estebán Martínez, Miguel J. Martínez, José M. Miró, Antonio Moreno, M. Larroya Sola, Ainoa Ugarte, Ana González-Cordón, Montse Laguno, Lorna Leal, John Rojas, Berta Torres, Silvia Fernández, Adrián Téllez, Fernando Fuentes, Esther Sancho, Mireia Urrea Ayala, D. Campubri, M. T. de Alba, M. Fernandez, Esther Jaén Ferrer, B. Grau, Helena Martí-Soler, Magdalena Muelas‐Fernandez, María‐Jesús Pinazo, Natàlia Rodríguez, M. Roldan, Carme Subirá, Isabel Vera, Neely Williams, Alex Almuedo-Riera, José Muñóz, Anna Aldea, Miguel Camafort, Jorge Calvo, Abelardo Capdevila, Francesc Cardellach, Irene Carbonell, Emmanuel Coloma, Alberto Foncillas, Ramón Estruch, M. Feliu, Joaquim Fernández‐Solà, Irene Fuertes, Cristina Gabara, Ignacio Grafiá, A. Ladino, R. López-Alfaro, Alfonso López‐Soto, Irene Macaya, Ferrán Masanés, Arthur J. Matas, Mireia Navarro, Javier Marco‐Hernández, Lucas San Miguel, José C. Milisenda, Pedro R. Moreno, José Naval-Álvarez, David Nicolás, H.K. Oberoi, Joan Padrosa, Sergio Prieto‐González, Martina Pellicé, J. G. Ribot, Olga Rodríguez-Núñez, Emilio Sacanella, Ferran Seguí, Cristina Sierra, Adrià Tomé, Manuel Muñoz‐Torres, Helena Ventosa, Carles Zamora, Manuel Almela, Míriam J. Álvarez, J. Bosch, Josep Costa, Genoveva Cuesta, Berta Fidalgo, Juan M. González, Francesc Marco, Sofía Narváez, Cristina Pitart, Elisa Rubio, Ander Vergara, María Eugenia Valls, Yuliya Zboromyrska, Esteban González López,

SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research

Increased mortality has been reported in the Latin American population. The objective is to compare the clinical characteristics and outcome of Latin American and Spanish populations in a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic. We retrospectively analysed all the Latin American patients (born in South or Central America) hospitalized in our centre from February 2020 to February 2021 and compared them with an age- and gender-matched group of Spanish subjects. Variables included were demographics, co-morbidities, clinical and analytical parameters at admission and treatment received. The primary outcomes were ICU admission and mortality at 60 days. A conditional regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent baseline predictors of both outcomes. From the 3216 patients in the whole cohort, 216 pairs of case-controls (Latin American and Spanish patients, respectively) with same age and gender were analysed. COPD was more frequent in the Spanish group, while HIV was more prevalent in the Latin American group. Other co-morbidities showed no significant difference. Both groups presented with similar numbers of days from symptom onset, but the Latin American population had a higher respiratory rate (21 vs. 20 bpm, P = 0.041), CRP (9.13 vs. 6.22 mg/dl, P = 0.001), ferritin (571 vs. 383 ng/ml, P = 0.012) and procalcitonin (0.10 vs. 0.07 ng/ml, P = 0.020) at admission and lower cycle threshold of PCR (27 vs. 28.8, P = 0.045). While ICU admission and IVM were higher in the Latin American group (17.1% vs. 13% and 9.7% vs. 5.1%, respectively), this was not statistically significant. Latin American patients received remdesivir and anti-inflammatory therapies more often, and no difference in the 60-day mortality rate was found (3.2% for both groups). Latin American patients with COVID-19 have more severe disease than Spanish patients, requiring ICU admission, antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapies more frequently. However, the mortality rate was similar in both groups.