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Cosmology intertwined: A review of the particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology associated with the cosmological tensions and anomalies

2022; Elsevier BV; Volume: 34; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.jheap.2022.04.002

2214-4056

Élcio Abdalla, Guillermo Franco Abellán, Amin Aboubrahim, Adriano Agnello, Özgür Akarsu, Y. Akrami, George Alestas, Daniel Aloni, Luca Amendola, Luis A. Anchordoqui, R. I. Anderson, Nikki Arendse, Marika Asgari, M. Ballardini, V. Barger, Spyros Basilakos, Ronaldo C. Batista, E. S. Battistelli, Richard A. Battye, Micol Benetti, David Benisty, Asher Berlin, P. de Bernardis, Emanuele Berti, Bohdan Bidenko, Simon Birrer, John P. Blakeslee, Kimberly K. Boddy, C. R. Bom, Alexander Bonilla, Nicola Borghi, F. R. Bouchet, Matteo Braglia, Thomas Buchert, E. Buckley‐Geer, Erminia Calabrese, R. R. Caldwell, David Camarena, Salvatore Capozziello, Stefano Casertano, Geoff C.-F. Chen, Jens Chluba, Angela Chen, Hsin-Yu Chen, Anton Chudaykin, Michele Cicoli, Craig J. Copi, F. Courbin, Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine, B. Czerny, Maria Giovanna Dainotti, Guido D’Amico, Anne-Christine Davis, Javier de Cruz Pérez, Jaume de Haro, Jacques Delabrouille, Peter B. Denton, Suhail Dhawan, Keith R. Dienes, Eleonora Di Valentino, Pu Du, D. Eckert, Celia Escamilla‐Rivera, A. Ferté, F. Finelli⋆, P. Fosalba, Wendy L. Freedman, Noemi Frusciante, E. Gaztañaga, William Giarè, Elena Giusarma, Adrià Gómez-Valent, Will Handley, I. Harrison, Luke Hart, Dhiraj Kumar Hazra, Alan Heavens, Asta Heinesen, H. Hildebrandt, J. Colin Hill, Natalie B. Hogg, D. E. Holz, Deanna C. Hooper, Nikoo Hosseininejad, Dragan Huterer, Mustapha Ishak, Mikhail M. Ivanov, Andrew H. Jaffe, In Sung Jang, Karsten Jedamzik, Raúl Jiménez, Melissa Joseph, Shahab Joudaki, Marc Kamionkowski, Tanvi Karwal, Lavrentios Kazantzidis, Ryan E. Keeley, Michael Klasen, Eiichiro Komatsu, L. V. E. Koopmans, Suresh Kumar, Luca Lamagna, Ruth Lazkoz, Chung-Chi Lee, J. Lesgourgues, Jackson Levi Said, Tiffany R. Lewis, Benjamin L’Huillier, Matteo Lucca, Roy Maartens, Lucas M. Macri, Danny Marfatia, Valerio Marra, C. J. A. P. Martins, S. Masi, S. Matarrese, Arindam Mazumdar, A. Melchiorri, Olga Mena, Laura Mersini–Houghton, James B. Mertens, Dinko Milaković, Y. Minami, Vivian Miranda, Cristian Moreno-Pulido, M. Moresco, David F. Mota, Emil Mottola, S. Mozzon, J. Muir, Ankan Mukherjee, Suvodip Mukherjee, Pavel D. Naselsky, Vijay Nath, Savvas Nesseris, Florian Niedermann, Alessio Notari, Rafael C. Nunes, Eoin Ó Colgáin, Kayla A. Owens, Emre Özülker, Francesco Pace, Andronikos Paliathanasis, A. Palmese, Supriya Pan, D. Paoletti, Santiago Esteban Perez Bergliaffa, Leandros Perivolaropoulos, Dominic W. Pesce, V. Pettorino, Oliver H. E. Philcox, Levon Pogosian, Vivian Poulin, Gaspard Poulot, Marco Raveri, M. J. Reid, Fabrizio Renzi, Adam G. Riess, Vivian I. Sabla, P. Salucci, Vincenzo Salzano, Emmanuel N. Saridakis, B. S. Sathyaprakash, Martin Schmaltz, Nils Schöneberg, D. Scolnic, Anjan A. Sen, Neelima Sehgal, Arman Shafieloo, M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari, Joseph Silk, Alessandra Silvestri, Foteini Skara, Martin S. Sloth, M. Soares-Santos, Joan Solà, Yu-Yang Songsheng, Jorge F. Soriano, Denitsa Staicova, Glenn D. Starkman, István Szapudi, Elsa M. Teixeira, Brooks Thomas, Tommaso Treu, Emery Trott, Carsten van de Bruck, J. Alberto Vázquez, Licia Verde, Luca Visinelli, Deng Wang, Jian‐Min Wang, Shao-Jiang Wang, Richard Watkins, Scott Watson, John K. Webb, Neal Weiner, Amanda Weltman, Samuel J. Witte, Radosław Wojtak, Anil Kumar Yadav, Weiqiang Yang, Gong‐Bo Zhao, Miguel Zumalacárregui,

Astronomy and Astrophysical Research

In this paper we will list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, also taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$, the $\sigma_8$--$S_8$ tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the $5.0\,\sigma$ tension between the {\it Planck} CMB estimate of the Hubble constant $H_0$ and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the $H_0$ evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the {\it Planck} CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density $\Omega_m$, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure ($\sigma_8,f\sigma_8$). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the $H_0$--$S_8$ tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals.[Abridged]