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First Report of Coniella granati Causing Leaf Spot of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) in Hungary

2022; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 106; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-10-21-2230-pdn

1943-7692

László Szendrei, Ákos Tóth, L. Palkovics, P. Salamon, Marietta Petróczy,

Fungal Plant Pathogen Control

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 11First Report of Coniella granati Causing Leaf Spot of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) in Hungary PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Coniella granati Causing Leaf Spot of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) in HungaryL. Szendrei, A. Tóth, L. Palkovics, P. Salamon, and M. PetróczyL. SzendreiHungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Budapest H-1118, Hungary, A. TóthHungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Budapest H-1118, Hungary, L. Palkovicshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-6750Széchenyi István University, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Department of Plant Sciences, Mosonmagyaróvár H-9200, Hungary, P. SalamonHungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Applied Plant Genomics Group, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary, and M. Petróczy†Corresponding author: M. Petróczy; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-8281Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Budapest H-1118, HungaryAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations L. Szendrei1 A. Tóth1 L. Palkovics2 P. Salamon3 M. Petróczy1 † 1Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Budapest H-1118, Hungary 2Széchenyi István University, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Department of Plant Sciences, Mosonmagyaróvár H-9200, Hungary 3Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Applied Plant Genomics Group, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary Published Online:3 Oct 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-21-2230-PDNAboutSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), the historic fruit and ornamental crop native to Iran and North India, is widely planted in the Mediterranean and has become popular in house gardens in northeast Europe (Hernández et al. 2014), including Hungary. In August 2020, necrotic black lesions and serious defoliation were observed on 60% of 1- to 3-year-old pomegranate trees (cv. Wonderful) in a horticultural nursery near Gödöllő, Hungary (47°36′0.9″N 19°21′26.5″E). Symptoms started as small irregular dark brown spots on the leaves, which later increased in size (2.6 ± 0.9 mm). Ultimately, the entire leaf turned yellow; defoliation resulted in damage on 6 to 15 (avg. 8)% of the leaves. Then, black pycnidia with unicellular, elliptical to fusiform, colorless conidia (avg. of 50 conidia: 2.4 to 3.9 [avg. 3.6] × 10.2 to 17.9 [avg. 13.1] µm) developed on the surface. These morphological features matched those described by Van Niekerk et al. (2004) and Alvarez et al. (2016) for Coniella granati. Conidia from pycnidia were directly transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) by sterile needle. The plates were incubated at 24°C in the dark. Light yellow colonies with whitish aerial mycelia and later black globose pycnidia were observed. Masses of conidia oozed from pycnidia after 15 days of incubation. Pathogenicity tests were carried out on 1-year-old potted P. granatum trees (cv. Wonderful) with five replicates in the greenhouse. Ten randomly selected leaves were inoculated per plant using 7-mm mycelial plugs from the edge of 10-day-old colonies placed directly on disinfested (2% NaOCl solution, then sterile distilled water) leaves. The plants were covered with plastic film for 3 days after inoculation (26 ± 3°C and 87 ± 3% relative humidity). Pathogenicity was also tested on nonwounded, surface-disinfested fruits by mycelial plugs in 3 × 3 replicates. Inoculated fruits were placed in large glass vessels for 15 days (24 ± 2°C and 80 ± 5% relative humidity). Uncolonized, sterile PDA plugs were used as controls in both cases. Dark brown lesions developed after 9 to 12 days on plants in the greenhouse. On pomegranate fruits, the fungus colonized the fruit after 7 to 8 days, followed by fruit rot. In some cases, after 2 weeks pycnidia developed on the skin surface. No decay was present on control leaves or fruits. The pathogen was reisolated from all infected tissues and identified as C. granati, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. For molecular identification, total genomic DNA of the isolate was extracted from the growing margins of colonies on PDA, and the partial sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) were amplified by PCR using primers described by Alvarez et al. (2016). Sequence data of the ITS region of the Hungarian isolate (GenBank acc. no. MW581953) showed 99.8% identity (559 out of 560 bp) with C. granati sequences deposited in GenBank (acc. nos. MH860368, MH855389, and KX833582). The tef1 sequence of the Hungarian isolate (OM908764) had 100% identity with other published C. granati isolates (KX833676, KX833682). C. granati has been previously reported on pomegranate from Europe (Palou et al. 2010; Pollastro et al. 2016). Based on morphological and molecular studies, this is the first record of C. granati in Hungary. The economic importance of this disease in currently limited in Hungary because pomegranate is mostly an ornamental crop, but the first cultivation trials have already started. There is a risk that the spread of the pathogen began with the infected propagating material, so the disease may break out anywhere in the country.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Alvarez, L. V., et al. 2016. Stud. Mycol. 85:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2016.09.001 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHernández, F., et al. 2014. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam) 175:174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.05.035 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarPalou, L., et al. 2010. New Dis. Rep. 22:21. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2010.022.021 Crossref, Google ScholarPollastro, S., et al. 2016. Plant Pathol. 100:1498. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1320-PDN Abstract, Google ScholarVan Niekerk, J. M., et al. 2004. Mycol. Res. 108:283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204009268 Crossref, Google ScholarFunding: The study was supported by the Hungarian Ministry for Innovation and Technology within the framework of the Thematic Excellence Programme 2020 (TKP2020-IKA-12, TKP2020-NKA-16).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 11 November 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 4 Nov 2022Published: 3 Oct 2022First Look: 20 Mar 2022Accepted: 17 Mar 2022 Page: 2995 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingHungarian Ministry for Innovation and TechnologyGrant/Award Number: TKP2020-IKA-12Grant/Award Number: TKP2020-NKA-16KeywordsConiella granatidefoliationfungusITSnecrosisPCRpomegranateTef1The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download