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Cross-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

2021; eLife Sciences Publications Ltd; Volume: 10; Linguagem: Inglês

10.7554/elife.70330

2050-084X

Marloes Grobben, Karlijn van der Straten, Philip J. M. Brouwer, Mitch Brinkkemper, Pauline Maisonnasse, Nathalie Dereuddre‐Bosquet, Brent Appelman, AH Ayesha Lavell, Lonneke A. van Vught, Judith A. Burger, Meliawati Poniman, Melissa Oomen, Dirk Eggink, Tom P. L. Bijl, Hugo D.G. van Willigen, Elke Wynberg, Bas J. Verkaik, Orlane J.A. Figaroa, Peter J. de Vries, Tessel M. Boertien, Marije K. Bomers, Jonne J. Sikkens, Roger Le Grand, Menno D. de Jong, Maria Prins, Amy W. Chung, Godelieve J. de Bree, Rogier W. Sanders, Marit J. van Gils,

COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies

Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are losing efficacy against emerging variants and may not protect against future novel coronavirus outbreaks, emphasizing the need for more broadly protective vaccines. To inform the development of a pan-coronavirus vaccine, we investigated the presence and specificity of cross-reactive antibodies against the spike (S) proteins of human coronaviruses (hCoV) after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We found an 11- to 123-fold increase in antibodies binding to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV as well as a 2- to 4-fold difference in antibodies binding to seasonal hCoVs in COVID-19 convalescent sera compared to pre-pandemic healthy donors, with the S2 subdomain of the S protein being the main target for cross-reactivity. In addition, we detected cross-reactive antibodies to all hCoV S proteins after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in macaques and humans, with higher responses for hCoV more closely related to SARS-CoV-2. These findings support the feasibility of and provide guidance for development of a pan-coronavirus vaccine.