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Omicron infection enhances Delta antibody immunity in vaccinated persons

2022; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 607; Issue: 7918 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41586-022-04830-x

1476-4687

Khadija Khan, Farina Karim, Sandile Cele, Kajal Reedoy, James Emmanuel San, Gila Lustig, Houriiyah Tegally, Yuval Rosenberg, Mallory Bernstein, Zesuliwe Jule, Yashica Ganga, Nokuthula Ngcobo, Matilda Mazibuko, Ntombifuthi Mthabela, Zoey Mhlane, Nikiwe Mbatha, Yoliswa Miya, Jennifer Giandhari, Yajna Ramphal, Taryn Naidoo, Aida Sivro, Natasha Samsunder, Ayesha B. M. Kharsany, Daniel G. Amoako, Jinal N. Bhiman, Nithendra Manickchund, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Nombulelo Magula, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Glenda Gray, Willem A. Hanekom, Anne von Gottberg, Rohen Harrichandparsad, Kobus Herbst, Prakash Jeena, Thandeka Khoza, Henrik N. Kløverpris, Alasdair Leslie, Rajhmun Madansein, Mohlopheni J. Marakalala, Mosa Moshabela, Kimesh Naidoo, Zaza M. Ndhlovu, Thumbi Ndung’u, Kennedy Nyamande, Vinod Patel, Theresa Smit, Adrie J. C. Steyn, Emily Wong, Ron Milo, Bernadett I. Gosnell, Richard Lessells, Penny L. Moore, Túlio de Oliveira, Mahomed‐Yunus S. Moosa, Alex Sigal,

Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research

Abstract The extent to which Omicron infection 1–9 , with or without previous vaccination, elicits protection against the previously dominant Delta (B.1.617.2) variant is unclear. Here we measured the neutralization capacity against variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in 39 individuals in South Africa infected with the Omicron sublineage BA.1 starting at a median of 6 (interquartile range 3–9) days post symptom onset and continuing until last follow-up sample available, a median of 23 (interquartile range 19–27) days post symptoms to allow BA.1-elicited neutralizing immunity time to develop. Fifteen participants were vaccinated with Pfizer's BNT162b2 or Johnson & Johnson's Ad26.CoV2.S and had BA.1 breakthrough infections, and 24 were unvaccinated. BA.1 neutralization increased from a geometric mean 50% focus reduction neutralization test titre of 42 at enrolment to 575 at the last follow-up time point (13.6-fold) in vaccinated participants and from 46 to 272 (6.0-fold) in unvaccinated participants. Delta virus neutralization also increased, from 192 to 1,091 (5.7-fold) in vaccinated participants and from 28 to 91 (3.0-fold) in unvaccinated participants. At the last time point, unvaccinated individuals infected with BA.1 had low absolute levels of neutralization for the non-BA.1 viruses and 2.2-fold lower BA.1 neutralization, 12.0-fold lower Delta neutralization, 9.6-fold lower Beta variant neutralization, 17.9-fold lower ancestral virus neutralization and 4.8-fold lower Omicron sublineage BA.2 neutralization relative to vaccinated individuals infected with BA.1. These results indicate that hybrid immunity formed by vaccination and Omicron BA.1 infection should be protective against Delta and other variants. By contrast, infection with Omicron BA.1 alone offers limited cross-protection despite moderate enhancement.