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Congenital scoliosis: a narrative review and proposal of a treatment algorithm

2022; British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery; Volume: 7; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1530/eor-21-0121

2058-5241

Amer Sebaaly, Mohammad Daher, Bendy Salameh, Ali Ghoul, Samuel George, Sami Roukoz,

Connective tissue disorders research

Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a spinal deformity resulting from underlying spinal malformations with an incidence of 0.5–1/1000 births. CS makes up 10% of scoliotic deformities, of which 25% do not progress, 25% progress mildly and 50% need treatment depending on the age, curve characteristics and magnitude and type of anomaly. CS is associated with non-vertebral anomalies (genitourinary, musculoskeletal, cardiac, ribs anomalies, etc.) and intraspinal anomalies (syrinx and tethered cord). Imaging should include whole spine X-rays, CT scanner with reconstruction to better delineate the vertebral anomalies and MRI to visualize the neural elements. Treatment of CS in the majority of cases is non-surgical and relies on fusion techniques ( in situ fusion and hemiepiphysiodeis), resection techniques (hemiverterba resection), and growth-friendly techniques (distraction and instrumentation without fusion).