Sport and history on the ground: documentary and the feature film
2008; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 12; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/17430430802472350
ISSN1743-0445
Tópico(s)Sports, Gender, and Society
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1 Grierson Grierson, J. 1946. Grierson on Documentary, ed. and intro. by Forsyth Hardy London: Collins. [Google Scholar], Grierson on Documentary, 179. 2 Hardy Hardy, F. 1979. John Grierson: A Documentary Biography, London: Faber and Faber. [Google Scholar], John Grierson, 48. 3 Grierson, Grierson on Documentary, 180. 4 Kilborn and Izod Kilborn, R. and Izod, J. 1997. An Introduction to Television Documentary: Confronting Reality, Manchester: Manchester University Press. [Google Scholar], An Introduction to Television Documentary, 12. 5 Secrest Secrest, M. 1986. Kenneth Clark: A Biography, New York: Fromm. [Google Scholar], Kenneth Clark, 230. 6 Clark Clark, K. 1969. Civilisation, London: British Broadcasting Corporation. [Google Scholar], Civilisation, xv. Clark was also confident that attendance of art galleries could be encouraged upon the general public. Upon appointment as Director of the National Gallery, he opened doors at 8 a.m. on the days of two major soccer matches in London in the hope of attracting football supporters to the gallery before their afternoon on the terrace: Secrest, Kenneth Clark, 92. 7 Clark Clark, K. 1977. The Other Half: A Self Portrait, London: Hamish Hamilton. [Google Scholar], The Other Half: A Self Portrait, 137–8. The concept of public service broadcasting in Britain was framed by John Reith during his time as Managing Director and Director-General of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the 1920s and 1930s. See Scannell Scannell, P. 1990. “Public Service Broadcasting: the History of a Concept”. In Understanding Television, Edited by: Goodwin, A. and Whannell, G. 11–29. London: Routledge. [Google Scholar], ‘Public Service Broadcasting’. 8 Marwick Marwick, A. 2001. The New Nature of History: Knowledge, Evidence, Language, Basingstoke: Palgrave. [Google Scholar], The New Nature of History, 237–9. 9 Samuel Samuel, R. 1981. “People's History (Editorial Preface)”. In People's History and Socialist Theory, Edited by: Samuel, R. xv–xxxix. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. [Google Scholar], ‘People's History’, xvi. 10 Hoskins Hoskins, W.G. 1970. The Making of the English Landscape, Harmondsworth: Penguin. [Google Scholar], The Making of the English Landscape, 14. 11 Hoskins also wrote and hosted a subsequent series of 25 minute television documentary programmes focussing on the landscapes of particular regions in England. Meinig, ‘Reading Landscape’, 200. 12 Hoskins Hoskins, W.G. 1973. English Landscapes: How to Read the Man-made Scenery of England, London: British Broadcasting Service. [Google Scholar], English Landscapes, 6. 13 Hoskins Hoskins, W.G. 1982. Fieldwork in Local History, 2nd ed., London: Faber and Faber. [Google Scholar], Fieldwork in Local History, 184. 14 Hoskins Hoskins, W.G. 1970. The Making of the English Landscape, Harmondsworth: Penguin. [Google Scholar], The Making of the English Landscape, 222. 15 Johnson Johnson, M. 2007. Ideas on Landscape, Malden, MA: Blackwell. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Ideas on Landscape, 40. 16 Hoskins Hoskins, W.G. 1970. The Making of the English Landscape, Harmondsworth: Penguin. [Google Scholar], The Making of the English Landscape, 17. 17 Johnson, Ideas on Landscape, 168. 18 Johnson, Ideas on Landscape, 20. 19 Conzen Conzen, M.P., ed. 2007. The Making of an American Landscape, 2nd ed., London: Routledge. [Google Scholar], The Making of an American Landscape. 20 Meinig Meinig, D.W. 1979. “Reading Landscape: an Appreciation of W.G. Hoskins and J.B. Jackson”. In The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes, Edited by: Meinig, D.W. 195–244. New York: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar], ‘Reading Landscape’, 228. 21 Ward and Burns Ward, G.C. and Burns, K. 1994. Baseball: An Illustrated History, New York: Knopf. [Google Scholar], Baseball. The preface to the book, titled ‘Where Memory Gathers’ is written by Ken Burns and Lyn Novick, xvii–xviii. 22 Ward and Burns Ward, G.C. and Burns, K. 1994. Baseball: An Illustrated History, New York: Knopf. [Google Scholar], Baseball. The preface to the book, titled ‘Where Memory Gathers’ is written by Ken Burns and Lyn Novick, xviii. 23 Marwick, The New Nature of History, 239. 24 Marwick, The New Nature of History The quote is taken from Carnes Carnes, M.C. 1995. Past Imperfect: History According to the Movies, New York: Henry Holt. (ed. with T. Mico, J. Miller-Monzon, and D. Rubel) [Google Scholar]’ introduction to Past Imperfect, 9–10. 25 Marwick, The New Nature of History, 238–9. 26 Marwick, The New Nature of History, 239. 27 Richards Richards, J. 1997. Films and British National Identity: From Dickens to Dad's Army, Manchester: Manchester University Press. [Google Scholar], Films and British National Identity, 185. 28 Silk Silk, M., Schultz, J. and Bracey, B. 2008. From Mice to Men: Miracle, Mythology and the “Magic Kingdom”. Sport in Society, 11(2/3): 279–97. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar], Schultz, and Bracey ‘From Mice to Men’. 29 Rosenstone Rosenstone, R.A. 2006. History on Film/Film on History, London: Pearson Longman. [Google Scholar], History on Film/Film on History, 8–9. 30 Barthes and Davis cited in Rosenstone Rosenstone, R.A. 2006. History on Film/Film on History, London: Pearson Longman. [Google Scholar], History on Film/Film on History, 16. 31 Rosenstone Rosenstone, R.A. 2006. History on Film/Film on History, London: Pearson Longman. [Google Scholar], History on Film/Film on History, 159. 32 Sorlin Sorlin, P. 1980. The Film in History: Restaging the Past, Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble. [Google Scholar], The Film in History, 21. 33 The ‘original documentary that inspired the film’ is included on the A League of Their Own DVD, produced by Columbia Pictures, 2000. 34 Cahn Cahn, S.K. 1994. Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth Century Women's Sport, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. [Google Scholar], Coming on Strong, 148. 35 Williams Williams, Randy. 2006. Sports Cinema 100 Movies: The Best of Hollywood's Athletic Heroes, Losers, Myths and Misfits, Pompton Plains, NJ: Limelight Editions. [Google Scholar], Sports Cinema 100 Movies, 106. 36 Leonard Maltin's 2003 Movie & Video Guide, 783. 37 Ebert, ‘A League of Their Own’ (Chicago Sun-Times, July 1, 1992). 38 Berlage Berlage, G.I. 1994. Women in Baseball: The Forgotten History, Westport, CT: Praeger. [Google Scholar], Women in Baseball, 193. 39 Rogosin Rogosin, D. 1985. Invisible Men: Life in Baseball's Negro Leagues, New York: Atheneum. [Google Scholar], Invisible Men, 149–50. 40 Sobchack Sobchack, V. 1997. “Baseball in the Post-American Cinema, or Life in the Minor Leagues”. In Out of Bounds: Sports, Media, and the Politics of Identity, Edited by: Baker, A. and Boyd, T. 173–97. Indianapolis, IN: University of Indiana Press. [Google Scholar], ‘Baseball in the Post-American Cinema’, 182. 41 Baker Baker, A. 1998. Sports Films, History, and Identity. Journal of Sport History, 25(2): 217–33. [Google Scholar], ‘Sports Films, History, and Identity’, 228. 42 Baker Baker, A. 1998. Sports Films, History, and Identity. Journal of Sport History, 25(2): 217–33. [Google Scholar], ‘Sports Films, History, and Identity’, 228 For an alternative viewpoint see Ardolino Ardolino, F. 1997. Soul of the Game: Film Review. NINE: a Journal of Baseball History and Culture, 5(2): 384–7. [Google Scholar], ‘Soul of the Game: Film Review’, 386. Ardolino regards the film as ‘quite empathetic about the debt that Robinson owed to his Negro League predecessors’. Ardolino notes how the film establishes a lineage from Paige and Gibson to Robinson and on to Willie Mays, who features in the film as a young boy. 43 The noted breakthrough study is Peterson Peterson, R. 1992. Only the Ball Was White: a History of Legendary Black Players and All-Black Professional Teams, New York: Oxford University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Only the Ball Was White. 44 Edgerton Edgerton, G.R. 2001. Ken Burns's America, New York: Palgrave for St Martin's Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Ken Burns's America, 125. 45 Nathan Nathan, D.A. 2001. Bearing Witness to Blackball: Buck O'Neil, the Negro Leagues, and the Politics of the Past. Journal of American Studies, 35(3): 453–69. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], ‘Bearing Witness to Blackball’, 455–61. 46 Nathan Nathan, D.A. 2001. 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Ceremonies of Innocence and Experience in Bull Durham, Field of Dreams, and Eight Men Out. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 18(2): 43–52. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], ‘Ceremonies of Innocence and Experience’, 47. 55 Nathan, Saying It's So, 181. 56 ‘A Conversation Between Eric Froner and John Sayles’, Carnes, Past Imperfect, 11–28 (28). 57 Fitzgerald Fitzgerald, F.S. 1991. The Great Gatsby, London: Everyman's Library. [Google Scholar], The Great Gatsby, 60–1. The line is spoken by the narrator Nick Carraway in conversation with Jay Gatsby, following a luncheon with Meyer Wolfsheim. Upon the gangster's departure from the table, Gatsby informs Carraway that Wolfsheim was responsible for the 1919 World Series fix. ‘The Faith of Fifty Million People’ is used as the title for the ‘Third Inning’ (1910–20) of Baseball. 58 Baseball's villainous portrayal of Rothstein is also criticized by Riess Riess, S.A. 1996. The Early Innings. Journal of Sport History, 23(1): 63–8. [Google Scholar], ‘The Early Innings’, 65. 59 Nathan, Saying It's So, 205. 60 Edgerton, Ken Burns's America, 181. 61 Aufderheide Aufderheide, P. 2006. “Television Public Service Broadcasting: Public Interest Mandates – US”. In Television Industries, Edited by: Gomery, D. and Hockley, L. 45–8. London: British Film Institute. [Google Scholar], ‘Television Public Service Broadcasting’, 48. 62 Poon Poon, G.P. 2003. “Making Money and Serving the Public Interest: Public Broadcasting Can and Should Do Both”. In Public Broadcasting and the Public Interest, Edited by: McCauley, M.P., Peterson, E.E., Artz, B.L. and Halleck, D. 127–38. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. [Google Scholar], ‘Making Money and Serving the Public Interest’, 128. 63 Edgerton, Ken Burns's America, 181. 64 Nathan, Saying It's So, 206. 65 Nathan, Saying It's So, 206 66 Nathan, Saying It's So, 206, 205. 67 Tygiel Tygiel, J. 2000. Past Time: Baseball as History, New York: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar], Past Time, 220. 68 Edgerton, Ken Burns's America, 127, comments favourably in this regard: ‘Ken Burns, the producer-director as popular historian, regularly presents both the myth and reality of Baseball's legendary figures and incidents, leaving it up to the audience to decide which version of events it wants to believe’. 69 Grierson, Grierson on Documentary, 84.
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