Editorial
2016; Wiley; Volume: 32; Issue: S1 Linguagem: Romeno
10.1111/sum.12231
ISSN1475-2743
AutoresF. A. Nicholson, Colin Speller, Paul Newell‐Price,
Tópico(s)Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
ResumoSoil Use and ManagementVolume 32, Issue S1 p. 3-8 EditorialFree Access Editorial Fiona Nicholson, Corresponding Author Fiona NicholsonCorrespondence: Fiona Nicholson. E-mail: Fiona.Nicholson@adas.co.ukSearch for more papers by this authorColin Speller, Colin Speller Managing Director, ADAS GroupSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Newell-Price, Paul Newell-PriceSearch for more papers by this author On behalf of the BCSF Working Group, the BCSF Working GroupSearch for more papers by this author Fiona Nicholson, Corresponding Author Fiona NicholsonCorrespondence: Fiona Nicholson. E-mail: Fiona.Nicholson@adas.co.ukSearch for more papers by this authorColin Speller, Colin Speller Managing Director, ADAS GroupSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Newell-Price, Paul Newell-PriceSearch for more papers by this author On behalf of the BCSF Working Group, the BCSF Working GroupSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 May 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12231AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Professor Brian J. Chambers (1961–2014) Editorial and obituary Fiona Nicholson The soil and agricultural science community were shocked and deeply saddened by the untimely death of Professor Brian Chambers on the morning of Saturday 30th August 2014 at the age of just 53. The publication of this Special Edition of Soil Use and Management (for which Brian was an Associate Editor) is a tribute to the outstanding contribution he made to the soil and agricultural science communities and his pioneering research on soils, nutrients and manure management. Brian grew up on a dairy farm in Cumbria (UK) and throughout his career as a Soil Scientist maintained strong links with the farming community. He gained a first class honours degree in Soil Science at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, where he became an adopted 'Geordie' and discovered one of his great passions in life – Newcastle United Football Club! Newcastle University also proved to be the spawning ground for a number of soil scientists with whom Brian would establish close friendships throughout his career. In 1985, he was awarded his PhD following research on 'Lime Requirement Evaluation and the Effects of Lime on Soil Physical Properties' from Aberdeen University (Chambers, 1985; Jahiruddin et al., 1986), and in the same year, he joined ADAS, then still the advisory and research arm of the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food. At ADAS, Brian started work as a junior scientist at Wolverhampton and developed into the consummate practical and applied soil scientist, eventually being appointed Head of Soils and Nutrients in 2009. During his career with ADAS, he worked on a wide range of topics for a variety of funders. Highlights of his early work included research on the physical properties of horticultural composts (Bragg & Chambers, 1988), alternatives to the use of peat in growing media (Bragg, 1990) and assessing the extent of soil water erosion in lowland England and Wales (Chambers et al., 1992, 2000a; Skinner & Chambers, 1996; Chambers & Garwood, 2000), before he moved on to investigate the nutrient value of manures (Smith & Chambers, 1993; Nicholson et al., 1996, 1999, 2003, 2013; Chambers & Smith, 1998; Smith et al., 1998; Chambers et al., 1999, 2000b; Chadwick et al., 2000; Sagoo et al., 2007; Shepherd & Chambers, 2007). He also assessed the environmental impacts of a range of organic materials recycled to agricultural land in terms of nutrient losses to water (Catt et al., 1998; Smith et al., 1998; Dampney et al., 2000; Hodgkinson et al., 2002; Williams et al., 2005), ammonia volatilization (Pain et al., 1998; Misselbrook et al., 2000, 2005; Nicholson et al., 2004a), nitrous oxide emissions (Cardenas et al., 2010) and pathogen behaviour (Nicholson et al., 2004b, 2005). His other research interests included heavy metals in manures and biosolids (Chaudri et al., 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2008; Georgieva et al., 2002; Bhogal et al., 2003; Gibbs et al., 2006a,b; McGrath et al., 2012), the impacts of organic materials on soil quality and fertility (Chambers et al., 2003; Bhogal et al., 2009, 2011; Powlson et al., 2012), the effects of soil structural degradation on agricultural production and flooding risk (Newell-Price et al., 2013, 2014), and the soil properties important in determining the plant species composition of lowland grass and heaths together with the management required to recreate and maintain these diverse communities (Chambers et al., 1996; Critchley et al., 2002a,b, Walker et al., 2004, 2007; Kirkham et al., 2008, 2013, 2014). The breadth and diversity of Brian's research interests clearly demonstrates the extent of his knowledge and expertise in a variety of issues surrounding the use and management of soils and organic resources. His in-depth knowledge and practical experience of farming underpinned much of his work which was heavily focussed on providing solutions to the challenges faced by farmers, organic resource managers, water companies and policymakers in a world with increasing pressures, and often conflicts, between maximizing food production and minimizing diffuse pollution of soil, air and water from agriculture. But it was not just his knowledge that marked him out as a special person. Brian was tenacious in his determination to get things done and to get them right. He was also renowned for his attention to detail and his liberal use of the 'red pen' when it came to editing reports and papers (and sometimes even emails) that his colleagues had written. Brian used his technical knowledge and outstanding critical thinking to push boundaries and challenge convention but only when underpinned by fundamental scientific principles; 'we need sound science' was one of his favourite phrases. As someone who once described the spade as 'the vital tool', he understood the importance of basic soil science skills such as soil structure assessment, soil profile description and soil survey. Over his career, he published over 300 scientific papers (some of which appear in the reference list below) and was author or co-author of many key UK guidance/reference materials including Defra's 'Fertiliser Manual (RB209)' (Defra, 2000, 2010), the 'Managing Livestock Manures' booklets (Chambers et al., 2001a,b,c), the PLANET and MANNER-NPK (Nicholson et al., 2013) nutrient management tools, the Safe Sludge Matrix (a practical guide for the application of sewage sludge in agriculture; ADAS, 2001) and, more recently, the Biosolids Nutrient Management Matrix (Anon., 2013). He also influenced work on the recycling of compost and digestate to land, which has helped underpin the end-of-waste policy and create market confidence in organic materials. He played a major role in providing practical science-based support in several difficult high-level negotiations where farming practices needed to be constrained to protect the soil, water or air environment. In all cases, he worked tirelessly for balanced solutions that achieved both sustainable farming and environmental protection goals, were supported by scientific evidence and which were workable in practice. The most significant example was his key role in supporting Defra in many face-to-face discussions with the EU during several cycles of negotiating the Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ) Action Programme rules in Britain as required by the Nitrates Directive (91/6765/EEC). Many farmers in NVZs today would probably face tougher rules than currently exist but for Brian's scientific knowledge and negotiating skills. His commonly used phrases 'keep it simple' and 'less is more' summed up how he was able to simplify complex issues and relationships in the search for acceptable but realistic solutions. His tenacity and professionalism were essential to manage the complexity of the process, but many of us also saw the personal responsibility he felt for ensuring the best outcome for UK agriculture. Simon Crabbe of Defra remembers that 'Brian made a huge impact on the shape of water quality policy and legislation, particularly on the Nitrates Regulations. Being both a farmer and a scientist, communicator and pragmatist, his help was invaluable in, for example, negotiations with the European Commission. He knew what was reasonable, what was practicable and what was too much, and he could explain why, clearly. As a result, the rules he helped shape have had a real impact on the environment – the Environment Agency estimates that they have reduced nitrate pollution by about 12%. And as Brian was always fond of telling us, they did a lot to reduce phosphate pollution, too. This seems to me to be a real, long-lasting legacy of his work'. As an internationally renowned soil scientist, Brian played a key role in both the European and UK Soil Science communities, inputting into programmes such as the Global Research Alliance for Greenhouse Gases, and regularly attending conferences including RAMIRAN (Research Network on Recycling of Agricultural and Organic Residues in Agriculture), the Nitrogen Workshop, the SAC/SEPA Biennual Conferences and recently as an invited speaker at ManuREsource 2013 (An International Conference on Manure Management and Valorization) in Bruges, Belgium. He was a Past President and Fellow of the Institute of Professional Soil Scientists (IPSS) and visiting Professor at Cranfield University. He was a passionate and effective 'champion' of soil science and was instrumental in achieving Chartered Status for members of the British Society of Soil Science, establishing soil science as a discipline alongside other chartered professions. He was also an NPK club 'A' member and chair in 2009. Brian worked tirelessly to apply science to the complex problems of soil, crop, nutrient and manure management and was highly respected by UK and international governments, regulators and industry for his practical and grounded approaches. Those who knew Brian could not fail to be impressed by his boundless enthusiasm for his subject. But he also had endless time and humour for his colleagues, clients and students. Brian made things fun! He never tired of telling the same jokes and making the same footballing references over and over again, and we (at least some of us) never tired of hearing them. Indeed, when presenting papers on organic manures, he usually tried to help the audience visualize the total UK production of manures piled a mile high onto the 'hallowed turf' of St. James's Park 'corner flag to corner flag' and stating how it was 'worth more than the footballing pile of 'dung' usually on display'! Friendliness, a generous interest in others and a willingness to take time to help someone understand a key area for their work were all characteristics typical of Brian. He would go out of his way to help PhD students find sites for their research work and was always keen to provide guidance and discuss specific topics related to their thesis. Even when overwhelmed with work, he would find time to act as an external reviewer for a PhD thesis. It is to highlight the legacy of Brian's broad knowledge base and enthusiasm that we created this Special Issue in his memory. Contributions have been received from his current and former colleagues and from collaborators both in the UK and elsewhere in Europe, on a variety of topics that were of interest to Brian including soil erosion, ammonia emissions, manure nitrogen efficiency and phosphorus in biosolids, with one paper co-authored by Brian's daughter Katherine. On behalf of Brian, his family (wife Yvonne, daughters Katherine and Sophie, and son Harry) and colleagues, I would like to thank all the authors and reviewers for their contributions to this Special Issue, and everyone who assisted in the writing of this editorial, in particular Anne Bhogal, Neil Bragg, Dave Chadwick, Peter Dampney, Tony Edwards, Paul Newell-Price, Mark Shepherd, Ken Smith, John Williams and Paul Withers. Thanks are also due to ADAS for providing the funding to publish this Special Issue and I am pleased to include the following tribute to Brian from Colin Speller (Managing Director, ADAS Group). Tribute on behalf of ADAS Colin Speller Managing Director, ADAS Group In my time as a senior manager and Director in ADAS, it has been my privilege to work with and lead some amazingly talented people and Brian was up there with the best of them. His energy, humour and warmth were always to the fore and it was impossible not to get drawn in to his subject and become fascinated by the detail of his work. I have a background in agriculture, so it was easy for me to get engaged but I was always amused by the way he seduced the various laymen I was constrained to parade him in front of over the years into developing a fascination for soils, manures and diffuse pollution. I can remember in particular a certain Defra Permanent Secretary being thus charmed on a visit to Faringdon. Like many talented scientists, Brian was never completely happy to be constrained by the requirements of 'the system' and in particular, he hated being forced to deliver details of his future plans. An ability to hypothesize freely that was readily deployed in his science soon vanished when his bosses asked him to use it to list possible sources of future funding. But we all knew it was a game that he wanted to play his way and we trusted him to deliver. If Brian said '£x million next year', it almost always arrived. The massive contribution to science made by Brian and his colleagues over many years will be set out far better by others, but I acknowledge his considerable achievements in building and running one of the most successful teams ADAS has ever had. He did it by nurturing and developing junior colleagues, and his legacy is a team that picked up the baton after he was gone and carried on his work. We will miss him in so many ways both professionally and personally. At the personal level, I will particularly miss our exchanges about football and his texts received within moments of a significant result. Brian was an icon in ADAS whose contribution will live on for many years to come. A Special Issue of Soil Use and Management is a highly appropriate way to recognize his achievements and those of his team. ADAS is proud to sponsor the edition in his memory, but I so wish he was still with us and it was something we had not had to do for many years yet. The Brian Chambers Soils Fund Paul Newell-Price Brian was an outstanding sciand a brilliant personality. He was exceptional in many ways, not least in his ability to find time and energy to help young scientists in the early stages of their careers. Brian often went 'the extra mile' to help young scientists and was always keen to discuss their work and provide expert guidance. It is just this sort of assistance that we hope can be remembered and sustained through the Brian Chambers Soils Fund (http://www.soils.org.uk/bcsf-brian-chambers-soils-fund). It is important that the range of skills that Brian possessed and encouraged continue to be developed and put to good use. The Brian Chambers Soils Fund (BCSF) has therefore been established under the auspices of the British Society of Soil Science (BSSS) to honour and recognize Brian's contribution to the soil and agricultural science communities and to help support the training and experience of early career scientists studying and working with applied aspects of soil, nutrient or manure management to ensure that these essential applied science skills and knowledge are sustained for the future. Brian's untimely passing in 2014 was a serious loss to the soil science community and a poignant reminder of the need for succession planning and the urgent need to encourage and develop the careers of young scientists. National and global pressures on food security and the wider environment remind us of the need to nurture new scientists who can continue the important legacy left by Brian. The BCSF will make awards to promising young scientists working with soils, nutrients and/or manures to assist them in their training and development; acknowledging the skills gap and complementing a growing recognition of the need to nurture and encourage soil science and related disciplines. Initial donations have enabled the establishment of the fund, but its sustainability will only be assured through contributions from those organizations that recognize the increasing need for robust evidence concerning the management and use of soils, manufactured fertilizers and organic materials. To find out more about the fund please contact: BCSF@soils.org.uk or telephone +44(0)1234 752983. References ADAS. 2001. The Safe Sludge Matrix. Available at: http://adlib.everysite.co.uk/resources/000/094/727/SSMatrix.pdf Accessed 09/07/2015 Anon. 2013. Biosolids Nutrient Management Matrix. Available at: http://www.adas.uk/Downloads/Biosolids_Nutrient_Management_Matrix. Accessed 09/07/2015 Bhogal, A., Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J. & Shepherd, M.A. 2003. Effects of past sewage sludge additions on heavy metal availability in light textured soils: implications for crop yields and metal uptakes. Environmental Pollution, 121, 413– 423. Bhogal, A., Nicholson, F.A. & Chambers, B.J. 2009. Organic carbon additions: effects on soil bio-physical and physico-chemical properties. European Journal of Soil Science, 60, 276– 286. Bhogal, A., Nicholson, F.A., Young, I., Sturrock, C., Whitmore, A. & Chambers, B.J. 2011. Effects of recent and repeated livestock manure carbon additions on soil fertility and quality. European Journal of Soil Science, 62, 174– 181. Bragg, N.C. 1990. Peat and its Alternatives. Horticultural Development Council, Petersfield, Hampshire, UK. Bragg, N.C. & Chambers, B.J. 1988. Interpretation and advisory applications of compost air filled porosity (AFP) measurements. Acta Horticulturae, 221, 35– 44. Cardenas, L.M., Thorman, R., Ashlee, N., Butler, M., Chadwick, D., Chambers, B., Cuttle, S., Donovan, N., Kingston, H., Lane, S., Dhanoa, M.S. & Scholefield, D. 2010. Quantifying annual N2O emission fluxes from grazed grassland under a range of inorganic fertiliser nitrogen inputs. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 136, 218– 226. Catt, J.A., Howse, K.R., Farina, R., Brockie, D., Todd, A., Chambers, B.J., Hodgkinson, R., Harris, G.L. & Quinton, J.N. 1998. Phosphorus losses from arable land in England. Soil Use and Management, 14, 168– 174. Chadwick, D.R., John, F., Pain, B.F., Chambers, B.J. & Williams, J. 2000. Plant uptake of nitrogen from the organic nitrogen fraction of animal manures: a laboratory experiment. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 134, 159– 168. Chambers, B. J. 1985. Lime Requirement Evaluation and the Effects of Lime on Soil Physical Properties. PhD Thesis, University of Aberdeen. Chambers, B.J. & Garwood, T.W.D. 2000. Monitoring of water erosion on arable farms in England and Wales, 1990–94. Soil Use and Management, 16, 1– 8. Chambers, B.J. & Smith, K. 1998. Nitrogen - some practical solutions for the poultry industry. World Poultry Science Journal, 54, 353– 357. Chambers, B.J., Davies, D.B. & Holmes, S. 1992. Monitoring of soil water erosion on arable farms in England and Wales, 1989/90. Soil Use and Management, 8, 163– 170. Chambers, B.J., Cross, R.B. & Pakeman, R. 1996. Recreating lowland heath on ex-arable land in the Breckland Environmentally Sensitive Area. Aspects of Applied Biology, 44, 393– 400. Chambers, B.J., Lord, E.I., Nicholson, F.A. & Smith, K.A. 1999. Predicting nitrogen availability and losses following application of organic manures to arable land: MANNER. Soil Use and Management, 15, 137– 143. Chambers, B.J., Garwood, T.W.D. & Unwin, R.J. 2000a. Controlling soil water erosion and phosphorus losses from arable land in England and Wales. Journal of Environmental Quality, 29, 145– 150. Chambers, B.J., Smith, K.A. & Pain, B.F. 2000b. Strategies to encourage better use of nitrogen in animal manures. Soil Use and Management, Tackling Nitrate from Agriculture, 16, 157– 161. Chambers, B., Nicholson, N., Smith, K., Pain, B., Cumby, T. & Scotford, I. 2001a. Making Better Use of Livestock Manures on Arable Land. Managing Livestock Manure Booklet 2. ADAS, Mansfield. Chambers, B., Nicholson, N., Smith, K., Pain, B., Cumby, T. & Scotford, I. 2001b. Making Better Use of Livestock Manures on Grassland. Managing Livestock Manure Booklet 2. ADAS, Mansfield. Chambers, B., Nicholson, N., Smith, K., Pain, B., Cumby, T. & Scotford, I. 2001c. Spreading Systems for Slurries and Solid Manures. Managing Livestock Manure Booklet 3. ADAS, Mansfield. Chambers, B.J., Nicholson, F.A., Aitken, M., Cartmell, E. & Rowlands, C. 2003. Benefits of biosolids to soil quality and fertility. Water and Environmental Management Journal, 17, 162– 167. Chaudri, A., Knight, B.P., Barbosa-Jefferson, V.L., Preston, S., Paton, G.I., Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J. & McGrath, S.P. 1999. Determination of acute Zn and Cu toxicity in porewater from soils previously treated with sewage sludge using bioluminescence assays. Environmental Science and Technology, 33, 1880– 1885. Chaudri, A.M., Knight, B.P., Allain, C.M.G., Barbosa-Jefferson, V.L., Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J. & McGrath, S.P. 2000. A study on the impacts of Zn and Cu on two rhizobial species in soils of a long-term field experiment. Plant and Soil, 221, 167– 179. Chaudri, A.M., Allain, C.M.G., Badawy, S.H., Adams, M.L., McGrath, S.P. & Chambers, B.J. 2001. Cadmium content of wheat grain from a long-term field experiment with sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Quality, 30, 1575– 1580. Chaudri, A., McGrath, S., Gibbs, P., Chambers, B.J., Carlton-Smith, C., Godley, A., Bacon, J., Campbell, L.C. & Aitken, M. 2007. Cadmium availability to wheat grain in soil treated with sewage sludge or metal salts. Chemosphere, 66, 1415– 1423. Chaudri, A., McGrath, S., Gibbs, P., Chambers, B., Carlton- Smith, C., Bacon, J., Campbell, C. & Aitken, M. 2008. Population size of indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii in long-term field experiments with sewage sludge cake, metal-amended liquid sludge or metal salts: effects of zinc, copper and cadmium. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40, 1670– 1680. Critchley, C.N.R., Chambers, B.J., Fowbert, J.A., Sanderson, R.A., Bhogal, A. & Rose, S.C. 2002a. Association between lowland grassland plant communities and soil properties. Biological Conservation, 105, 199– 215. Critchley, C.N.R., Chambers, B.J., Fowbert, J.A., Bhogal, A., Rose, S.C. & Sanderson, R.A. 2002b. Plant species richness, functional type and soil properties of grasslands and allied vegetation in English Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Grass and Forage Science, 57, 82– 92. Dampney, P.M.R., Lord, E.I. & Chambers, B.J. 2000. Development of improved advice for farmers and advisers. Soil Use and Management, Tackling Nitrate from Agriculture, 16, 162– 166. Defra. 2000. Fertiliser Recommendations for Agricultural and Horticultural Crops (RB209), 7th edn. TSO, Norwich. Defra. 2010. Fertiliser Manual (RB209), 8th edn. TSO, Norwich. Georgieva, S.S., McGrath, S.P., Hooper, D.J. & Chambers, B.J. 2002. Nematode communities under stress – the long-term effects of heavy metals in soil treated with sewage sludge. Applied Soil Ecology Journal, 20, 27– 42. Gibbs, P.A., Chambers, B.J., Chaudri, A.M., McGrath, S.P. & Carlton- Smith, C.H. 2006a. Initial results from long-term field studies at three sites on the effects of heavy metal-amended liquid sludges on soil microbial activity. Soil Use and Management, 22, 180– 187. Gibbs, P.A., Chambers, B.J., Chaudri, A.M., McGrath, S.P., Carlton-Smith, C.H., Bacon, J., Campbell, C.D. & Aitken, M.N. 2006b. Initial results from a long-term, multi-site field study of the effects on soil fertility and microbial activity of sludge cakes containing heavy metals. Soil Use and Management, 22, 11– 21. Hodgkinson, R.A., Chambers, B.J., Withers, P.J.A. & Cross, R. 2002. Phosphorus losses to surface waters following organic manure applications to a drained clay soil. Agricultural Water Management, 57, 155– 173. Jahiruddin, M., Chambers, B.J., Livesey, N.T. & Cresser, M.S. 1986. Effect of liming on extractable zinc, copper, iron and manganese in selected Scottish soils. Journal of Soil Science, 37, 603– 615. Kirkham, F.W., Tallowin, J.R.B., Sanderson, R.A., Bhogal, A., Chambers, B.J. & Stevens, D.P. 2008. The impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers and lime on the species-richness and plant functional characteristics of hay meadow communities. Biological Conservation, 141, 1411– 1427. Kirkham, F.W., Bhogal, A., Chambers, B.J., Dunn, R.M. & Tallowin, J.R.B. 2013. Effects of spreading species-rich green hay on the botanical composition of an agriculturally improved hay meadow in northern England. Grass and Forage Science, 68, 260– 270. Kirkham, F.W., Tallowin, J.R.B., Dunn, R.M., Bhogal, A., Chambers, B.J. & Bardgett, R.D. 2014. Ecologically sustainable fertility management for the maintenance of species-rich hay meadows. Journal of Applied Ecology, 51, 152– 161. McGrath, S.P., Chambers, B.J., Taylor, M.J. & Carlton-Smith, C.H. 2012. Biofortification of zinc in wheat grain by the application of sewage sludge. Plant and Soil, 361, 97– 108. Misselbrook, T.H., van der Weerden, T.J., Pain, B.F., Jarvis, S.C., Chambers, B.J., Smith, K.A., Phillips, V.R. & Demmers, T.G.M. 2000. Ammonia emission factors for UK agriculture. Atmospheric Environment, 34, 871– 880. Misselbrook, T.H., Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J. & Johnson, R.A. 2005. Measuring ammonia emissions from land applied manure: an inter comparison of commonly – used samplers and techniques. Environmental Pollution, 135, 389– 397. Newell-Price, J.P., Whittingham, M.J., Chambers, B.J. & Peel, S. 2013. Visual soil evaluation in relation to measured soil physical properties in a survey of grassland soil compaction in England and Wales. Soil & Tillage Research, 127, 65– 73. Newell-Price, J.P., Balshaw, H & Chambers, B.J. 2014. Managing grasslands to mitigate flooding risk. In EGF at 50: the Future of European Grasslands - Proceedings of the 25th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Aberystwyth, Wales, 7–11 September 2014 (eds A. Hopkins, R.P. Collins, M.D. Fraser, V.R. King, D.C. Lloyd, J.M. Moorby & P.R.H. Robson), pp. 270– 272. IBERS, Aberystwyth, ISBN 978-0-9926940-1-2. Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J. & Smith, K.A. 1996. Nutrient composition of poultry manures in England and Wales. Bio Resource Technology, 58, 279– 284. Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J., Smith, K.A. & Harrison, R. 1999. Spring applied organic manures as a source of nitrogen for cereal crops: experiments using field scale equipment. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 133, 353– 363. Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J. & Dampney, P.M.R. 2003. Nitrogen value of poultry litter applications to root crops and following cereal crops. Journal of Agricultural Science, 140, 53– 64. Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J. & Walker, A.W. 2004a. Ammonia emissions from broiler litter and laying hen manure management systems. Biosystems Engineering, 89, 175– 185. Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J., Moore, A., Nicholson, R.J. & Hickman, G. 2004b. Assessing and managing the risks of pathogen transfer from livestock manures into the food chain. Water and Environmental Management Journal, 18, 155– 160. Nicholson, F.A., Groves, S. & Chambers, B.J. 2005. Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application. Bioresource Technology, 96, 135– 143. Nicholson, F.A., Bhogal, A., Chadwick, D., Gill, E., Gooday, R.D., Lord, E., Misselbrook, T., Rollett, A.J., Sagoo, E., Smith, K.A., Thorman, R.E., Williams, J.R. & Chambers, B.J. 2013. An enhanced software tool to support better use of manure nutrients: MANNER-NPK. Soil Use and Management, 29, 473– 484. Pain, B.F., van der Weerden, T.J., Chambers, B.J., Phillips, V.R. & Jarvis, S.C. 1998. A new inventory for ammonia emissions from U.K. agriculture. Atmospheric Environment, 32, 309– 313. Powlson, D.S., Bhogal, A., Chambers, B.J., Coleman, K., MacDonald, A.J., Goulding, K.W.T. & Whitmore, A.P. 2012. The potential to increase soil carbon stocks through reduced tillage or organic material additions in England and Wales: a case study. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 146, 22– 33. Sagoo, L., Williams, J.R., Chambers, B.J., Boyles, L., Matthews, R. & Chadwick, D. 2007. Integrated management practices to minimise losses and maximise the crop nitrogen value of broiler litter. Biosystems Engineering, 97, 512– 519. Shepherd, M.A. & Chambers, B.J. 2007. Managing nitrogen on the farm: the devil is in the detail. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87, 558– 568. Skinner, R.J. & Chambers, B.J. 1996. A survey to assess the extent of soil water erosion in lowland England and Wales. Soil Use and Management, 12, 214– 220. Smith, K.A. & Chambers, B.J. 1993. Utilising the nitrogen content of organic manures - some practical solutions to farm problems. Soil Use and Management, 9, 105– 112. Smith, K.A., Chalmers, A.G., Chambers, B.J. & Christie, P. 1998. Organic manure phosphorus accumulation, mobility and management. Soil Use and Management, 14, 154– 159. Walker, K.J., Pywell, R.F., Warman, E.A., Fowbert, J.A., Bhogal, A. & Chambers, B.J. 2004. The importance of former land-use in determining the successful recreation of lowland heath in southern England. Biological Conservation, 116, 289– 303. Walker, K.J., Warman, E.A., Bhogal, A., Cross, R.B., Pywell, R.F., Meek, W.R., Chambers, B.J. & Pakeman, R. 2007. Recreation of lowland heathland on ex-arable land: assessing the limiting processes on two sites with contrasting soil fertility and pH. Journal of Applied Ecology, 44, 573– 582. Williams, J.R., Chambers, B.J., Hartley, A.R. & Chalmers, A.G. 2005. Nitrate leaching and residual soil nitrogen supply following outdoor pig farming. Soil Use and Management, 21, 245– 252. Volume32, IssueS1Special Issue: In memory of Professor Brian J. ChambersJune 2016Pages 3-8 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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