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Feminine Historicizing in the romancero novelesco

1990; Liverpool University Press; Volume: 67; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/14753829020003673311

1469-3550

Teresa Catarella,

Early Modern Spanish Literature

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeBSS Subject Index: BALLADS/ROMANCESSPAIN — LITERATURE — GOLDEN AGE/16th–17th CENTURIES — GENERALSPAIN — LITERATURE — MEDIEVAL PERIOD — GENERALSPAIN — LITERATURE — MEDIEVAL PERIOD — POETRYSPAIN — LITERATURE/HISTORY OF LITERATURE — GENERAL — ALL PERIODS & GENRESWOMEN/GENDER ISSUES — SPAIN & PORTUGAL Notes 1. The bibliography of women's folklore studies has grown exponentially in the past few years. For a relatively recent bibliography of work done (primarily North and Latin America) see Francis A. de Caro, Women and Folklore: A Bibliographical Survey (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983). See also Women and Folklore: A Bibliographic Survey, ed. Claire R. Ferrer (Austin: Univ. of Texas Press, 1975) and Women's Folklore, Women's Culture, ed. Rosan A. Jordan and Susan J. Kali[cbreve]ik (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1985). 2. The fundamental bibliography for the oral romancero from 1700 to 1979 is Antonio Sánchez Romeralo, Samuel G. Armistead and Suzanne H. Petersen, Bibliografía del romancero oral, 1 (Madrid: Cátedra Seminario Menéndez Pidal, 1980). For contemporary developments in romancero research, see the proceedings of the international congresses on the romancero edited by Diego Catalán, Samuel G. Armistead and Antonio Sánchez Romeralo: El romancero en la tradición oral moderna: I er Coloquio internacional (Madrid: Cátedra Seminario Menéndez Pidal/Univ. de Madrid, 1972) and El romancero hoy, 2° Coloquio internacional, 3 vols. (Madrid: Cátedra Seminario Menéndez Pidal/Gredos, 1979). The proceedings of the Third International Congress (Madrid, 1982) are, at the time of this writing, in press and those of the Fourth Congress (El Puerto de Santa María, 1987), are in preparation. See also Samuel G. Armistead, ‘Current Trends in Romancero Research’, La coróánica, XIII (1984–85), 23–36 and ‘Trabajos actuales sobre el romancero’, La coróánica, XV (1986–87), 240–46; Ruth House Webber, ‘Hispanic Oral Literature: Accomplishments and Perspectives’, Oral Tradition, I (1986), 344–80, esp. 355–64. 3. I am aware of only three published articles which deal explicitly and specifically with the question of women and the romancero: Lucien Dollfus, ‘Les femmes du Romancero’, Etudes sur le Moyen Âge Espagnol (Paris: E. Leroux, 1894), 85–146 (a description of the figures of the wife, the young girl, the Mooress, etc. in the romancero nuevo); Eduardo Guerra Castellanos, ‘La mujer, motivo central en el “Romanceiro popular galego de tradizón oral”’, Humanitas, XII (1971), 97–110 (a catalogue of female protagonists from Leandro Carré Alvarellos’ Romanceiro popular…) Frank L. Odd, ‘Women of the Romancero: A Voice of Reconciliation’, Hispania, LXVI (1983), 360–68 (an attempt to characterize female character types psychologically). 4. Romancero tradicional de las lenguas hispánicas, gen. ed. Diego Catalán (Madrid: Cátedra Seminario Menéndez Pidal/Gredos, 1957–1985). Twelve volumes have appeared to date. I consulted volumes III through XII, as vols. I and II do not deal with novelesque themes. The percentage breakdown for ballads recited by women/men for each volume is: III, 81:19 per cent; IV and V, 92:8 per cent; VI and VII, 80:20 per cent; VIII = V; IX, 43:57 per cent; X and XI, 67:33 per cent and XII 91:9 per cent. These figures are for the tradition as a whole; the percentage of male informants is slightly higher in the Sephardic tradition and can be appreciably higher in the Latin-American tradition. 5. On the differences between the female and male repertoires see El romancero en la tradición oral moderna, 39–41; Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Romancero hispánico II, 2nd ed. (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1968), 373; Romancero tradicional, IX, 26. 6. As Gisela Beutler has recently pointed out: ‘Der Geschichtsbezug des Romancero trifft allerdings nur auf die beiden ersten Perioden thematisch zu, da historische Balladen im heutigen traditionellen Romancero kaum eine Rolle mehr spielen, neben der überwältigenden Masse der novelescos und vereinzelten religiosos, die mit der gesamten europäischen Balladentradition in Verbindung stehen’, ‘Zur Problematik des Geschichtsbezuges im Spanischen Romancero’, Lares, VI (1985), 660. 7. Note the somewhat cautious formulation in Diego Catalán (con la colaboración de J. Antonio Cid, Beatriz Mariscal, Flor Salazar, Ana Valenciano y Sandra Robertson), Catálogo general del romancero, 1, A: Teoría general y metodología (Madrid: Seminario Menéndez Pidal/Gredos, 1984): ‘los romances que actualmente se cantan o recitan representan, sin duda, un enjuiciamiento del mundo referencial que ha de considerarse en buena parte como expresión de una perspectiva femenina’, 21. 8. Romancero hispánico, II, 194. 9. Any study of an oral romance needs to be based on as large a number of versions as possible in order to achieve a valid and representative sampling of its various manifestations. For La vuelta del marido, I consulted 473 published versions, and for Albaniña 208. To facilitate the reading of the text and to reduce footnotes, each quotation is identified by the last name of the author who has published the version (in many cases, this is the collector as well), volume number where appropriate and page number. Other references of interest, omitted due to space limitations, are indicated in the text by the author's last name, page numbers and verse numbers. The complete references for all these versions are listed below. In addition, each quotation is separately numbered (e.g. ex. 1, ex. 2) for easier reference within the text. Versions have been transcribed as published; in some cases, however, I have made minor revisions in punctuation and capitalization. Sources of versions cited: Narciso Alonso Cortés, ‘Romances tradicionales’, RHi, L (1920), 198–268, fasc. rpt. Romances de Castilla (Valladolid: Institución Cultural Simancas, 1982), 145–218; Joan Amades, Folklore de Catalunya: Cançoner (Barcelona: Selecta, 1951); Samuel G. Armistead, Joseph H. Silverman with the collaboration of Biljana šljivic-šimsic, Judeo-Spanish Ballads from Bosnia (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1971); Avenç = Biblioteca popular de ‘L'Avenç’ 4 vols. (Barcelona: 1909,1910,1916); Rina Benmayor, Romances judeo-españoles de Oriente. Nueva recolección (Madrid: Cátedra Seminario Menéndez Pidal/Gredos, 1979); Gisela Beutler, Studien zum spanischen Romancero in Kolombien in seiner schriftlichen und mündlichen Überlieferung von der Zeit der Eroberung bis zur Gegenwart (Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1969); Theophilo Braga, Romanceiro geral português, 3 vols. (2nd ed. Lisboa: vols. 1 and 2, Manuel Gomes, 1906,1907; vol. 3, J. A. Rodrigues, 1909); María Cadilla de Martínez, La poesía popular en Puerto Rico (Madrid: Univ. de Madrid, 1933); Diego Catalán, María Jesús López de Vergara, Mercedes Morales, Araceli González, María Victoria Izquierdo and Ana Valenciano, eds., La flor de la marañuela: romancero general de las Islas Canarias, 2 vols. (Madrid: Seminario Menéndez Pidal/Cabildo de Tenerife, 1969) ; José María de Cossío and Tomás Maza Solano, Romancero popular de La Montaña: colección de romances tradicionales, 2 vols. (Santander: Sociedad Menéndez Pelayo, 1933–1934); Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa, Romancero de Nuevo Méjico (Madrid: C.S.I.C., 1953); Pilar García de Diego, ‘Siete canciones infantiles’, Revista de Dialectología y Tradiciones Populares, VI (1950), 104–32; Manuel García Matos, Cancionero popular de la Provincia de Madrid, 3 vols., eds. M. Schneider and J. Romeu Figueras (vols. 1 and 2) and J. T. Parés and J. Romeu Figueras (vol. 3) (Barcelona-Madrid: C.S.I.C, 1951, 1952, 1960); Bonifacio Gil, ‘Romances tradicionales de la Rioja’, Berceo, XVII (1962), 311–26; Rafel Ginard Bauça, Cançoner popular de Mallorca, IV (Palma de Mallorca: Moll, 1975); José Leite de Vasconcellos, Romanceiro português, 2 vols. (Coimbra: Acta Universitais Conimbrigensis, 1958, 1960); Oro Anahory Librowicz, Florilegio de romances sefardíes de la Diáspora (Una colección malagueña) (Madrid: Cátedra Seminario Menéndez Pidal, 1980); Raymond R. MacCurdy, ‘Un romance tradicional recogido en Luisiana: Las señas del marido’, Revista Hispánica Moderna, XIII (1947), 164–66; Pedro Marín, ‘Contribución al romancero español (2. Versiones aragonesas)’, Archivo de Filología Aragonesa, V (1953), 125–41; José Joaquim Dias Marques and Maria Angélica Reis da Silva, ‘Para o romanceiro português’, Revista Lusitana, V (1984–85), 73–133; Firmino A. Martins, Folklore do Concelho de Vinhais, 2 vols. (Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade, 1928; Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional, 1939); Ernesto Mejía Sánchez, ‘Romances y corridos nicaragüenses’, Anuario de la Sociedad Folklórica de México, V (1944), 69–181; Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, Antología de poetas líricos castellanos, X (Madrid: Hernando, 1900); Manuel Milá y Fontanals, Romancerillo catalán: Canciones tradicionales (2nd ed. Barcelona: Álvaro Verdaguer, 1882); Francisco Monroy Pittaluga, ‘Cuentos y romances tradicionales en Cazorla (Llanos de Guárico)’, Archivos Venezolanos de Folklore, I (1952), 360–80; Ismael Moya, Romancero: Estudios sobre materiales de la colección de folklore, 2 vols. (Buenos Aires: Univ. de Buenos Aires, 1941); A. Gomes Pereira, ‘Tradições populares do Porto’, Revista Lusitana, XIV (1911), 125–44; Voces nuevas del romancero castellano-leonés, ed. Suzanne H. Petersen, 2 vols. (Madrid: Seminario Menéndez Pidal/Gredos, 1982); Carolina Poncet y de Cárdenas, ‘Romancerillo de Entrepeñas y Villar de los Pisones’, RHi, LVII (1923), 286–314; Dorothé Schubarth and Antón Santamarina, Cancioneiro galego de tradición oral (La Coruña: Fundación P. Barrié de la Maza, 1982); J. A. Tavares, ‘Romanceiro trasmontano (da tradição popular)’, Revista Lusitana, VIII (1903–1905), 71–80; Leo Wiener, ‘Songs of the Spanish Jews in the Balkan Peninsula’, Modern Philology, I (1903–1904), 205–16, 259–74. 10. With regard to the geographical indications used here: Peninsular refers to the Spanish-speaking areas of the Peninsula; Portuguese to the continental Portuguese tradition as well as the Madeiran and Azoran versions (there are few Brazilian versions of these ballads); Latin American also includes the versions from that tradition collected in the United States. 11. ‘Los desenlaces en el romance de la Blancaniña: tradición y originalidad’, El romancero hoy, I, 135.