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Functional and historical determinants of shape in the scapula of Xenarthran mammals: Evolution of a complex morphological structure

1999; Wiley; Volume: 241; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199909)241

1097-4687

Leandro R. Monteiro, Augusto S. Abe,

Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology

Journal of MorphologyVolume 241, Issue 3 p. 251-263 Original Article Functional and historical determinants of shape in the scapula of Xenarthran mammals: Evolution of a complex morphological structure Leandro R. Monteiro, Corresponding Author Leandro R. Monteiro Irmont@cbb.uenf.br Depto de Zoologia, UNESP, Rio Claro, BrasilCentro de Biociencias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28015-620, Brasil.Search for more papers by this authorAugusto S. Abe, Augusto S. Abe Depto de Zoologia, UNESP, Rio Claro, BrasilSearch for more papers by this author Leandro R. Monteiro, Corresponding Author Leandro R. Monteiro Irmont@cbb.uenf.br Depto de Zoologia, UNESP, Rio Claro, BrasilCentro de Biociencias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28015-620, Brasil.Search for more papers by this authorAugusto S. Abe, Augusto S. Abe Depto de Zoologia, UNESP, Rio Claro, BrasilSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 August 1999 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199909)241:3 3.0.CO;2-7Citations: 51AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The mammalian scapula is a complex morphological structure, composed of two ossification plates that fuse into a single structure. Most studies on morphological differentiation in the scapula have considered it to be a simple, spatially integrated structure, primarily influenced by the important locomotor function presented by this element. We used recently developed geometric morphometric techniques to test and quantify functional and phylogenetic influences on scapular shape variation in fossil and extant xenarthran mammals. The order Xenarthra is well represented in the fossil record and presents a stable phylogenetic hypothesis for its genealogical history. In addition, its species present a large variety of locomotor habits. Our results show that approximately half of the shape variation in the scapula is due to phylogenetic heritage. This is contrary to the view that the scapula is influenced only by functional demands. There are large-scale shape transformations that provide biomechanical adaptation for the several habits (arboreality, terrestriality, and digging), and small scale-shape transformations (mostly related to the coracoid process) that are not influenced by function. A nonlinear relationship between morphometric and phylogenetic distances indicates the presence of a complex mixture of evolutionary processes acting on shape differentiation of the scapula. J. Morphol. 241:251–263, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Citing Literature Volume241, Issue3September 1999Pages 251-263 RelatedInformation