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Early environmental factors in autism

1998; Wiley; Volume: 4; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/(sici)1098-2779(1998)4

1098-2779

Patricia M. Rodier, Susan Hyman,

Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research ReviewsVolume 4, Issue 2 p. 121-128 Early environmental factors in autism Patricia M. Rodier, Corresponding Author Patricia M. Rodier [email protected] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New YorkDepartment of OB/GYN, P.O. Box 668, Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642Search for more papers by this authorSusan L. Hyman, Susan L. Hyman Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author Patricia M. Rodier, Corresponding Author Patricia M. Rodier [email protected] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New YorkDepartment of OB/GYN, P.O. Box 668, Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642Search for more papers by this authorSusan L. Hyman, Susan L. Hyman Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 December 1998 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2 3.0.CO;2-SCitations: 40AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Genetic and environmental influences are not mutually exclusive as causes of birth defects. Rather, both contribute to the etiology of many congenital anomalies. Recent results from studies of autism in twins argue that this is the case for autism spectrum disorders. Thus, even after the genetic causes of autism are known, it will be necessary to identify environmental factors that contribute to the expression of the symptoms. The first half of this review describes what has been learned from research on exogenous influences in autism, discussing studies of infections, inoculations, general pre- and perinatal factors, family histories, and drug and chemical exposures. The second discusses gene-environment interactions in other birth defects and the methods by which teratogens have been discovered. The role of known genetic syndromes in the etiology of autism is discussed with attention to whether their associations with the disorder are genetic or teratologic in nature. MRDD Research Reviews 1998;4:121–128. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. References Ardinger HH, Atkin JE, Blackston RD, et al. Verification of the fetal valproate syndrome phenotype. 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