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Situational Power and Interpersonal Dominance Facilitate Bias and Inequality

1998; Wiley; Volume: 54; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/0022-4537.901998090

1540-4560

Stephanie A. Goodwin, Don Operario, Susan T. Fiske,

Social and Intergroup Psychology

Journal of Social IssuesVolume 54, Issue 4 p. 677-698 Situational Power and Interpersonal Dominance Facilitate Bias and Inequality Stephanie A. Goodwin, Corresponding Author Stephanie A. Goodwin Boston College STEPHANIE A. GOODWIN is a Visiting Assistant Professor at Boston College. She received her Ph.D. in 1997 from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. She received the American Psychological Association Doctoral Dissertation Award and the Association of Women in Science's National Merit Award for her dissertation research investigating the role of power in stereotyping. She is interested in understanding aspects of social cognition that facilitate intergroup bias, especially as these factors pertain to social power.Stephanie A. Goodwin at the Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467; or to Don Operario at the Health Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118–0848; or to Susan T. Fiske at the Department of Psychology, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003Search for more papers by this authorDon Operario, Corresponding Author Don Operario University of California at San Francisco DON OPERARIO is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Health Psychology Program at the University of California at San Francisco. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in Personality/Social Psychology, with a minor in Multicultural Psychology. In addition to studying power and stereotyping, he also conducts research on people's responses to prejudice and discrimination, and the health implications of chronic stress associated with social stigma.Stephanie A. Goodwin at the Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467; or to Don Operario at the Health Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118–0848; or to Susan T. Fiske at the Department of Psychology, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003Search for more papers by this authorSusan T. Fiske, Corresponding Author Susan T. Fiske University of Massachusetts at Amherst SUSAN T. FISKE, Distinguished University Professor of Psychology, joined the University of Massachusetts at Amherst faculty in 1986. A 1978 Harvard Ph.D., she has authored more than 100 journal articles and book chapters. Fiske's graduate text with Taylor, Social Cognition, examines how people think about other people. Her federally funded social cognition research focuses on social structure, motivation, and stereotyping, which led to expert testimony for the U.S. Supreme Court and for the President's Race Initiative. Fiske won the 1991 American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest, Early Career. She also won, with Glick, the 1995 Gordon Allport Intergroup Relations Award from The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues for work on ambivalent sexism. She has edited two Journal issues, one with Fischhoff and Milburn on images of nuclear war, and one with Borgida on gender stereotyping, sexual harassment, and the law. She currently edits, with Gilbert and Lindzey, The Handbook of Social Psychology, and with Schacter and Zahn-Waxler, The Annual Review of Psychology.Stephanie A. Goodwin at the Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467; or to Don Operario at the Health Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118–0848; or to Susan T. Fiske at the Department of Psychology, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003Search for more papers by this author Stephanie A. Goodwin, Corresponding Author Stephanie A. Goodwin Boston College STEPHANIE A. GOODWIN is a Visiting Assistant Professor at Boston College. She received her Ph.D. in 1997 from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. She received the American Psychological Association Doctoral Dissertation Award and the Association of Women in Science's National Merit Award for her dissertation research investigating the role of power in stereotyping. She is interested in understanding aspects of social cognition that facilitate intergroup bias, especially as these factors pertain to social power.Stephanie A. Goodwin at the Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467; or to Don Operario at the Health Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118–0848; or to Susan T. Fiske at the Department of Psychology, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003Search for more papers by this authorDon Operario, Corresponding Author Don Operario University of California at San Francisco DON OPERARIO is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Health Psychology Program at the University of California at San Francisco. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in Personality/Social Psychology, with a minor in Multicultural Psychology. In addition to studying power and stereotyping, he also conducts research on people's responses to prejudice and discrimination, and the health implications of chronic stress associated with social stigma.Stephanie A. Goodwin at the Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467; or to Don Operario at the Health Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118–0848; or to Susan T. Fiske at the Department of Psychology, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003Search for more papers by this authorSusan T. Fiske, Corresponding Author Susan T. Fiske University of Massachusetts at Amherst SUSAN T. FISKE, Distinguished University Professor of Psychology, joined the University of Massachusetts at Amherst faculty in 1986. A 1978 Harvard Ph.D., she has authored more than 100 journal articles and book chapters. Fiske's graduate text with Taylor, Social Cognition, examines how people think about other people. Her federally funded social cognition research focuses on social structure, motivation, and stereotyping, which led to expert testimony for the U.S. Supreme Court and for the President's Race Initiative. Fiske won the 1991 American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest, Early Career. She also won, with Glick, the 1995 Gordon Allport Intergroup Relations Award from The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues for work on ambivalent sexism. She has edited two Journal issues, one with Fischhoff and Milburn on images of nuclear war, and one with Borgida on gender stereotyping, sexual harassment, and the law. She currently edits, with Gilbert and Lindzey, The Handbook of Social Psychology, and with Schacter and Zahn-Waxler, The Annual Review of Psychology.Stephanie A. Goodwin at the Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467; or to Don Operario at the Health Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118–0848; or to Susan T. Fiske at the Department of Psychology, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003Search for more papers by this author First published: 09 April 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01243.xCitations: 79 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract A model is proposed that describes interpersonal phenomena that maintain inter-group hierarchies and conflict. Situational control and interpersonal dominance are identified as conditions that promote motives to stereotype, leading to cognitive and judgment biases that cumulatively reinforce the status quo. Three general hypotheses are derived from the model. First, powerholders are predicted to use attention strategies that favor stereotype maintenance, stereotyping subordinates by default (ignoring counterstereotypic information) and by design (increasing attention to stereotypic information). Second, high-dominance perceivers are predicted to respond with the same cognitive biases as people with situational power. Finally, power and dominance are predicted independently to facilitate bias in explicit judgments. Results from our research program support the hypotheses. Implications for future change are discussed. 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