Effects of Potassium Deficiency on Growth and Metabolism of Sunflower Plants. Contributions from the Hull Botanical Laboratory 637 _au Scott V. Eaton
1952; University of Chicago Press; Volume: 114; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1086/335759
ISSN1940-1205
Tópico(s)Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Brassica
ResumoPrevious articleNext article No AccessEffects of Potassium Deficiency on Growth and Metabolism of Sunflower Plants. Contributions from the Hull Botanical Laboratory 637 _au Scott V. EatonPDFPDF PLUSAbstract Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreAbstract1. Effects of potassium deficiency were studied in sunflower plants grown in sand cultures. The first symptom observed was a deeper-green color of the leaves. Later, lower leaves became chlorotic, the decrease in chlorophyll starting at the tips and edges and then extending inward and toward the base. Chlorosis was followed by necrosis of the tissue. Minus-potassium plants were stunted, with small leaves and short, thin stems. No difference in hardness of stems of the two sets of plants was noticed. Potassium deficiency affected tops more than roots, and growth of stems was limited more than that of leaves. Thus, top-root ratios of minus-potassium plants were lower and leaf-stem ratios were higher than those of plus-potassium plants. 2. Potassium-starved leaves and stems tended to be lower in water content than those with complete nutrient. In general, total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, and nitrates were higher in leaves and stems of the latter than of the former. In the middle and lower stems of the third harvest, however, both total nitrogen and soluble nitrogen were higher in the former plants. Ammonia and amides accumulated in minus-potassium leaves and stems, although the amide percentages were rather low. Their accumulation at early stages in the deficiency may have resulted mainly from interference with protein synthesis at the amide stage; at late stages, proteolysis was probably an additional important factor. 3. Total sugars and reducing sugars were high in minus-potassium leaves throughout the experiment. This was true also of stems of the first harvest, but differences lessened as the deficiency developed and at the third harvest were in favor of the plus-potassium stems, owing to the low reducing sugar content of potassium-starved stems. Sucrose was uniformly higher in minus-potassium leaves and stems than in plus-potassium ones. Starch did not vary much in the two groups of plants. When all carbohydrates were included and calculated for either tops or stems, the no-potassium plants were high in carbohydrates in comparison with those on complete nutrient at the first harvest but low at the final harvest. Accumulation of carbohydrates early in the deficiency may have resulted both from the interference with protein synthesis at the amide stage and from the greater leaf-stem ratio. The low carbohydrate content at late stages may have been a consequence of reduced photosynthesis and increased respiration. 4. At the final harvest potassium could be detected only in leaves and upper stems of the minus-potassium plants. It was well distributed throughout tops of the plus-potassium plants at all times, being even more concentrated in middle and lower stems than in upper. Most of the potassium in the leaves and stems of each set of plants was removed by seven extractions with 70% alcohol. Potassium seemed to be readily translocated in potassium-starved plants as indicated by its differential distribution in the two sets of stems and by the fact that plants grown for 66 days with a minus-potassium solution developed small flower heads.DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 114, Number 2Dec., 1952 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/335759 Views: 10Total views on this site Citations: 14Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in the Botanical Gazette (1876-1991), which is continued by International Journal of Plant Sciences (1992-present). PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:W. C. Liebhardt Effect of Potassium on Carbohydrate Metabolism and Translocation, (Nov 2015): 147–164.https://doi.org/10.2134/1968.roleofpotassium.c7L.E. Gutierrez, O.J. Crocomo, C. Rossi, , , Efeito da deficiência de potássio sobre as atividades de glutamato desidrogenase e glutamato sintase em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz 46, no.11 (Jan 1989): 125–134.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0071-12761989000100009L.E. Gutierrez, O.J. Crocomo, , Atividades de transaminase glutamico-oxaloacético e transcarbamilase de ornitina em folhas de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) afetadas pela deficiência de potássio, Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz 45, no.00 (Jan 1988): 613–622.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0071-12761988000100040N. C. Sinha, J. N. Singh Studies in the mineral nutrition of Japanese mint, Plant and Soil 79, no.11 (Feb 1984): 51–59.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02182143Manfred Engenhart Der Einfluß von Bleiionen auf die Produktivität und den Mineralstoffhaushalt von Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Hydroponik und Aeroponik, Flora 175, no.44 (Jan 1984): 273–282.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-2530(17)31446-9Room Singh, Ranjit Singh Effect of nutrient sprays on granulation and fruit quality of ‘Dancy tangerine’ mandarin, Scientia Horticulturae 14, no.33 (Mar 1981): 235–244.https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(81)90018-2MANUEL D. GUARDIA, MANUEL BENLLOCH Effects of potassium and gibberellic acid on stem growth of whole sunflower plants, Physiologia Plantarum 49, no.44 (Aug 1980): 443–448.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb03332.xS. AMIR, LEONORA REINHOLD Interaction between K-Deficiency and Light in 14C-Sucrose Translocation in Bean Plants, Physiologia Plantarum 24, no.22 (Apr 1971): 226–231.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1971.tb03483.xA. Fathy Younis, M. A. Hatata Studies on the effects of certain salts on germination, on growth of root, and on metabolism, Plant and Soil 34, no.11 (Feb 1971): 293–308.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01372786J. S. COLE Powdery mildew of tobacco (Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.)., Annals of Applied Biology 54, no.33 (Dec 1964): 291–301.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1964.tb01194.xE.J. HEWITT The Essential Nutrient Elements: Requirements and Interactions in Plants, (Jan 1963): 137–360.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-395600-2.50013-9Walter Baumeister, Lothar Schmidt Über die Rolle des Natriums im pflanzlichen Stoffwechsel, Flora oder Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung 152, no.11 (Jan 1962): 24–56.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-1615(17)32567-3Walter Baumeister Hauptnährstoffe, (Jan 1958): 482–557.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94729-2_19Otto Werk Untersuchungen zum Dürreeffekt, Flora oder Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung 141, no.22 (Jan 1954): 312–355.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-1615(17)32495-3
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